Abstract
Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000) was applied to a soilless growing medium at the concentrations of 0, 15, 20, 30, 42, or 50 g·L -1 to impose controlled drought. Salvia ( Salvia splendens F. Sellow. ex Roem & Shult.) seeds were planted in the growing medium to determine if controlled drought affects morphology and anatomy of salvia. Polyethylene glycol decreased emergence percentage and delayed emergence up to 5 days. Stem elongation of salvia treated with the five lowest concentrations was reduced up to 35% (21 days after seeding), and salvia were a maximum of 53% shorter and the canopy was 20% more narrow compared to nontreated seedlings 70 days after seeding. These morphological changes were attributed to PEG-8000 mediated reduction in leaf water potential (Ψ w ). The growing medium Ψ w ranged from -0.29 to -0.85 MPa in PEG-8000 treated plants, and plant height was positively correlated with Ψ w 21 days after seeding. Stem diameter of PEG-treated seedlings was reduced up to 0.4 mm mainly due to reductions in vascular cross-sectional area. Xylem cross-sectional area decreased more than stem and phloem cross-sectional area. Polyethylene glycol 8000 reduced vessel element number, but not diameter.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PEG reduced emergence percentage and delayed emergence by up to five days.
- Treatment
- Polyethylene glycole0
- Outcome
- emergence percentage and delayed emergencee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 5 dayse0
SalviaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyethylene glycol decreased emergence percentage and delayed emergence up to 5 days.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG reduced stem elongation by up to 35% at 21 days.
- Treatment
- five lowest concentrationse0
- Outcome
- Stem elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after seedinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem elongation of salvia treated with the five lowest concentrations was reduced up to 35% (21 days after seeding)”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG-treated salvia were up to 53% shorter than untreated seedlings at 70 days.
- Outcome
- salviae0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Qualifier
- 70 days after seedinge0
- Comparator
- nontreated seedlingse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salvia were a maximum of 53% shorter and the canopy was 20% more narrow compared to nontreated seedlings 70 days after seeding.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG-treated salvia canopy was 20% narrower than untreated seedlings.
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salvia were a maximum of 53% shorter and the canopy was 20% more narrow compared to nontreated seedlings 70 days after seeding.”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG reduced leaf water potential.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEG-8000 mediated reduction in leaf water potential (Ψ w )”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height was positively correlated with growing medium water potential at 21 days.
Not reportedComparatorSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height was positively correlated with Ψ w 21 days after seeding.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG reduced stem diameter by up to 0.4 mm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem diameter of PEG-treated seedlings was reduced up to 0.4 mm mainly due to reductions in vascular cross-sectional area.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG reduced vascular cross-sectional area.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mainly due to reductions in vascular cross-sectional area.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
Xylem area declined more than stem and phloem area.
- Outcome
- Xylem cross-sectional areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- stem and phloem cross-sectional areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Xylem cross-sectional area decreased more than stem and phloem cross-sectional area.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG reduced vessel element number.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyethylene glycol 8000 reduced vessel element number, but not diameter.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG did not reduce vessel element diameter.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Polyethylene glycol 8000 reduced vessel element number, but not diameter.”
t0“Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens”
The same questions in other papers
drought · growth · Salvia (sages)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.