Abstract
Sustainable practices are needed in vegetable production to maintain yield and to reduce the potential for soil erosion and N leaching. We examined the effects of tillage [no-till (NT), chisel plowing (CP), and moldboard plowing (MP)], cover cropping [hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) vs. winter weeds], N fertilization (0, 90, and 180 kg·ha -1 N), and date of sampling on tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yield, N uptake, and soil inorganic N in a Norfolk sandy loam in Fort Valley, Ga. for 2 years. Yield was greater with CP and MP than with NT in 1996 and was greater with 90 and 180 than with 0 kg·ha -1 N in 1996 and 1997. Similarly, aboveground tomato biomass (dry weight of stems + leaves + fruits) and N uptake were greater with CP and MP than with NT from 40 to 118 days after transplanting (DAT) in 1996; greater with hairy vetch than with winter weeds at 82 DAT in 1997; and greater with 90 or 180 than with 0 kg·ha -1 N at 97 DAT in 1996 and at 82 DAT in 1997. Soil inorganic N was greater with NT or CP than with MP at 0- to 10-cm depth at 0 and 30 DAT in 1996; greater with hairy vetch than with winter weeds at 0- to 10-cm and at 10- to 30-cm at 0 DAT in 1996 and 1997, respectively; and greater with 90 or 180 than with 0 kg·ha -1 N from 30 to 116 DAT in 1996 and 1997. Levels of soil inorganic N and tomato N uptake indicated that N release from cover crop residues was synchronized with N need by tomato, and that N fertilization should be done within 8 weeks of transplanting. Similar tomato yield, biomass, and N uptake with CP vs. MP and with 90 vs. 180 kg·ha -1 N suggests that minimum tillage, such as CP, and 90 kg·ha -1 N can better sustain tomato yield and reduce potentials for soil erosion and N leaching than can conventional tillage, such as MP, and 180 kg·ha -1 N, respectively. Because of increased vegetative cover in the winter, followed by increased mulch and soil N in the summer, hairy vetch can reduce the potential for soil erosion and the amount of N fertilization required for tomato better than can winter weeds.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chisel and moldboard plowing raised tomato yield relative to no-till in 1996.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Yield was greater with CP and MP than with NT in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization at 90 or 180 kg ha−1 raised tomato yield relative to no fertilizer in both years.
Not reportedTaxonOutcome
Verbatim
e0“greater with 90 and 180 than with 0 kg·ha -1 N in 1996 and 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Plowing increased tomato aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake compared with no-till during 1996 sampling.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- CP and MPe0
- Outcome
- aboveground tomato biomass (dry weight of stems + leaves + fruits) and N uptakee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- from 40 to 118 days after transplanting (DAT) in 1996e0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aboveground tomato biomass (dry weight of stems + leaves + fruits) and N uptake were greater with CP and MP than with NT from 40 to 118 days after transplanting (DAT) in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch increased tomato biomass and nitrogen uptake relative to winter weeds at 82 days after transplanting in 1997.
Not reportedTaxonOutcome
Verbatim
e0“greater with hairy vetch than with winter weeds at 82 DAT in 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased tomato biomass and uptake at the specified sampling dates.
Not reportedTaxonOutcome
Verbatim
e0“greater with 90 or 180 than with 0 kg·ha -1 N at 97 DAT in 1996 and at 82 DAT in 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil inorganic nitrogen was greater under no-till or chisel plowing than moldboard plowing in 1996.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil inorganic N was greater with NT or CP than with MP at 0- to 10-cm depth at 0 and 30 DAT in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch increased soil inorganic nitrogen relative to winter weeds.
Not reportedTaxonOutcome
Verbatim
e0“greater with hairy vetch than with winter weeds at 0- to 10-cm and at 10- to 30-cm at 0 DAT in 1996 and 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased soil inorganic nitrogen relative to zero fertilizer.
Not reportedTaxonOutcome
Verbatim
e0“greater with 90 or 180 than with 0 kg·ha -1 N from 30 to 116 DAT in 1996 and 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nitrogen fertilization within eight weeks of tomato transplanting.
- Outcome
- N fertilization should be done within 8 weeks of transplantinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“N fertilization should be done within 8 weeks of transplanting”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.