Abstract
Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars often have erratic germination and low seedling vigor. The morphology of the seedcoat on two triploid cultivars—Tri X 313 and Tri X Sunrise—was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify structural differences compared to diploid seeds. Triploid seeds incubated with oxygen-enhanced treatments that included nicking, 1% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and 40% oxygen were investigated at low and high medium moisture levels. Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air space surrounding the embryonic axis as compared with diploid seed. All cultivars rapidly imbibed water (≈50% of the original weight) during the first hour of imbibition, with a faster increase for triploids than for diploids. High moisture affected germination to a lesser extent in diploid than triploid seeds. Triploid germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%, but was severely reduced to <27% under high medium moisture. Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H 2 O 2 and by 40% oxygen. Triploid watermelon seed is very sensitive to submerged conditions, possibly due to a combination of physiological and morphological defects. The rapid imbibition and excess water collected in the seedcoat and air space surrounding the embryo, could reduce oxygen diffusion and impair metabolic pathways leading to normal germination and seedling development.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer than diploid seed.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Material
- Tri X 313 and Tri X Sunrisee2
- Outcome
- seedcoate1
- Direction
- thickere1
- Comparator
- diploid seede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e1“Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air space surrounding the embryonic axis as compared with diploid seed”
e2“The morphology of the seedcoat on two triploid cultivars—Tri X 313 and Tri X Sunrise—was examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid seed has a larger, highly variable air space around the embryonic axis than diploid seed.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- air spacee1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- diploid seede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e1“Triploid seed has a thicker seedcoat with a dense endotesta layer and a larger and highly variable air space surrounding the embryonic axis as compared with diploid seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid seeds imbibed water faster than diploid seeds in the first hour, about 50% of their original weight in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- imbibed watere2
- Direction
- faster increasee2
- Value
- ≈50% of the original weighte2
- Comparator
- diploidse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e2“All cultivars rapidly imbibed water (≈50% of the original weight) during the first hour of imbibition, with a faster increase for triploids than for diploids”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid seed germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- germinatione3
- Value
- 96% to 76%e3
- Qualifier
- under low medium moisturee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e3“Triploid germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%, but was severely reduced to <27% under high medium moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid seed germination was severely reduced to under 27% under high medium moisture, compared with low medium moisture.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- high medium moisturee3
- Outcome
- germinatione3
- Direction
- severely reducede3
- Value
- <27%e3
- Comparator
- low medium moisturee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e3“Triploid germination under low medium moisture ranged from 96% to 76%, but was severely reduced to <27% under high medium moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide significantly improved triploid seed germination at high moisture.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- H 2 O 2e4
- Outcome
- germinatione4
- Direction
- significantly improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e4“Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H 2 O 2 and by 40% oxygen”
Claim · model-written summary
A 40% oxygen treatment significantly improved triploid seed germination at high moisture.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- 40% oxygene5
- Outcome
- germinatione5
- Direction
- significantly improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e5“Triploid seed germination was significantly improved at high moisture by H 2 O 2 and by 40% oxygen”
Claim · model-written summary
Triploid watermelon seed is very sensitive to submerged conditions.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- sensitive to submerged conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e6“Triploid watermelon seed is very sensitive to submerged conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess water in the seedcoat and air space may reduce oxygen diffusion and impair the metabolic pathways of normal germination.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- normal germination and seedling developmente7
- Qualifier
- could reduce oxygen diffusione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triploid or seedless watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars”
e7“The rapid imbibition and excess water collected in the seedcoat and air space surrounding the embryo, could reduce oxygen diffusion and impair metabolic pathways leading to normal germination and seedling development”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogen peroxide · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
in vitro · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.