Abstract
Broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Italica Group)] crops may be rejected by wholesale buyers due to unacceptably tough stalks. Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various N levels and two within-row spacings (15 and 30 cm) on force to shear the stalk, stalk diameter, and yield of transplanted `Premium Crop' broccoli. Shear was not affected by within-row spacing, and average stalk diameter was decreased only 3 mm by reducing spacing from 30 to 15 cm. Although the 15-cm spacing sometimes produced the greatest total number of marketable, heads, this spacing resulted in higher cull head production, lower average marketable head weight, delayed maturity, and a lower percentage of field-planted transplants producing marketable heads than the 30-cm spacing. Increasing N fertilization decreased force to shear the stalk in only one experiment, when plants were exposed to water deficits and high temperatures. Nitrogen affected stalk diameter only when very low rates (37 and 74 kg·ha -1 ) were included. Yield of marketable-quality heads often showed no significant response to rates of applied N >112 kg·ha -1 , particularly at the 30-cm spacing. Hollow stem was negligible in all experiments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Within-row spacing did not affect stalk shear force.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- within-row spacinge0
- Outcome
- Sheare0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shear was not affected by within-row spacing”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing spacing from 30 to 15 cm decreased average stalk diameter by 3 mm.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- 15 cme0
- Outcome
- average stalk diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3 mme0
- Comparator
- 30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average stalk diameter was decreased only 3 mm by reducing spacing from 30 to 15 cm”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15-cm spacing sometimes yielded the greatest total marketable head count.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- 15-cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- total number of marketable, headse0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 15-cm spacing sometimes produced the greatest total number of marketable, heads”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15-cm spacing increased cull head production.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- this spacinge0
- Outcome
- cull head productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 30-cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this spacing resulted in higher cull head production, lower average marketable head weight, delayed maturity, and a lower percentage of field-planted transplants producing marketable heads than the 30-cm spacing”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15-cm spacing lowered average marketable head weight.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- this spacinge0
- Outcome
- average marketable head weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 30-cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this spacing resulted in higher cull head production, lower average marketable head weight, delayed maturity, and a lower percentage of field-planted transplants producing marketable heads than the 30-cm spacing”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15-cm spacing delayed maturity.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- this spacinge0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Comparator
- 30-cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this spacing resulted in higher cull head production, lower average marketable head weight, delayed maturity, and a lower percentage of field-planted transplants producing marketable heads than the 30-cm spacing”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15-cm spacing lowered the percentage of transplants producing marketable heads.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- this spacinge0
- Outcome
- percentage of field-planted transplants producing marketable headse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 30-cm spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this spacing resulted in higher cull head production, lower average marketable head weight, delayed maturity, and a lower percentage of field-planted transplants producing marketable heads than the 30-cm spacing”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen reduced stalk shear force only in one experiment under water deficit and high temperature.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Increasing N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- force to shear the stalke0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- only one experiment, when plants were exposed to water deficits and high temperaturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N fertilization decreased force to shear the stalk in only one experiment, when plants were exposed to water deficits and high temperatures”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen affected stalk diameter only at very low included rates.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- stalk diametere0
- Qualifier
- very low rates (37 and 74 kg·ha -1 )e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen affected stalk diameter only when very low rates (37 and 74 kg·ha -1 ) were included”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable head yield often did not respond significantly above 112 kg·ha -1 nitrogen, especially at 30-cm spacing.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- rates of applied N >112 kg·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- Yield of marketable-quality headse0
- Direction
- no significant responsee0
- Qualifier
- particularly at the 30-cm spacinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of marketable-quality heads often showed no significant response to rates of applied N >112 kg·ha -1 , particularly at the 30-cm spacing”
t0“Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Hollow stem was negligible across experiments.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- Hollow steme0
- Qualifier
- in all experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hollow stem was negligible in all experiments”
t0“Broccoli”
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