Abstract
The guild of stem-infesting insect pests of sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., within the central Plains is a concern to producers chiefly due to losses caused by plant lodging from the sunflower stem weevil, Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Dectes texanus texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The incidence of a root boring moth, Pelochrista womonana (Kearfott) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), also has increased. Experiments were conducted in three locations in Colorado and Kansas during 2001-2003 to investigate the potential of combining planting date and foliar and seed treatment insecticide applications to lower insect stalk densities of these three pests. The impact of these strategies on weevil larval parasitoids also was studied. Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified. All were Hymenoptera and included the following (relative composition in parentheses): Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch) (42.6%), Nealiolus collaris (Brues) (3.2%) (Braconidae), Quadrastichus ainsliei Gahan (4.2%) (Eulophidae), Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead (13.1%) (Eurytomidae), Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead) (33.7%), Chlorocytus sp. (1.6%), Pteromalus sp. (0.5%) (Pteromalidae), and Eupelmus sp. (1.0%) (Eupelmidae). The results from this 3-yr study revealed that chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests and was relatively insensitive to application timing. Although results in some cases were mixed, overall, delayed planting can be a reliable and effective management tool for growers in the central Plains to use in reducing stem-infesting pest densities in sunflower stalks. Chemical control and planting date were compatible with natural mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Nealiolus curculionis made up 42.6% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Interactor
- Nealiolus curculionise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 42.6%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Nealiolus curculionis (Fitch) (42.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nealiolus collaris made up 3.2% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- Nealiolus collarise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 3.2%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Nealiolus collaris (Brues) (3.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quadrastichus ainsliei made up 4.2% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- Quadrastichus ainslieie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 4.2%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Quadrastichus ainsliei Gahan (4.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eurytoma tylodermatis made up 13.1% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- Eurytoma tylodermatise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 13.1%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead (13.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neocatolaccus tylodermae made up 33.7% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- Neocatolaccus tylodermaee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 33.7%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Neocatolaccus tylodermae (Ashmead) (33.7%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorocytus sp. made up 1.6% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- Chlorocytus sp.Chlorocytuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 1.6%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Chlorocytus sp. (1.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pteromalus sp. made up 0.5% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Interactor
- Pteromalus sp.
Pteromaluse2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 0.5%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Pteromalus sp. (0.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eupelmus sp. made up 1.0% of the eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species identified.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- relative compositione1
- Value
- 1.0%e2
EupelmusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“relative composition in parentheses”
e2“Eupelmus sp. (1.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests.
- Taxon
- sunflower cropHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- chemical controle0
- Outcome
- protecting the sunflower crop from stem pestse0
- Qualifier
- often reliablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests and was relatively insensitive to application timing”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control was relatively insensitive to application timing.
- Taxon
- sunflower cropHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- chemical controle0
- Outcome
- application timinge0
- Direction
- insensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical control was often reliable in protecting the sunflower crop from stem pests and was relatively insensitive to application timing”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting was a reliable and effective tool for reducing stem-infesting pest densities in sunflower stalks in the central Plains; results were in some cases mixed.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- delayed plantinge0
- Outcome
- stem-infesting pest densitiese0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- results in some cases were mixede1
- Setting
- central Plainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“delayed planting can be a reliable and effective management tool for growers in the central Plains to use in reducing stem-infesting pest densities in sunflower stalks”
e1“Although results in some cases were mixed”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical control and planting date were compatible with natural mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Chemical control and planting datee1
- Interactor
- C. adspersus larval parasitoidse1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- C. adspersuse1pest
- Outcome
- natural mortalitye1
- Direction
- compatiblee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight sunflower stem weevil larval parasitoid species were identified”
e1“Chemical control and planting date were compatible with natural mortality contributed by C. adspersus larval parasitoids”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · pest · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.