Abstract
Applying glyphosate relative to the growth stage of soybean is important for maximizing weed control and profits in glyphosate-resistant soybean under no-till systems. A study was conducted in Ontario for 4 yr to evaluate the effectiveness and gross return on the timing and sequence of applications of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant no-till soybean. Percent control of various weed species varied among years due to environmental conditions. Timing of glyphosate was critical relative to weed emergence and determined the success of the treatment in terms of optimum soybean yield and gross return. Soybean yield and gross return approximated that the critical period for weed control in glyphosate-resistant no-till soybean was the unifoliolate to the one- to three-trifoliolate stage. Sequential applications of glyphosate provided higher soybean yield and gross return than a single preplant application of glyphosate. Glyphosate applied preplant or at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage consistently provided maximum average soybean yield and gross return. Gross return of the sequential glyphosate treatments was also more consistent across variable soybean price scenarios. Competition from uncontrolled later emerging weeds resulted in soybean yield loss with the single preplant application of glyphosate. Competition from uncontrolled early-emerging weeds reduced soybean yields when glyphosate was applied only at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage of soybean. Overall, two weed control strategies were identified: (1) two applications of glyphosate, the first at preplant to the unifoliolate stage, followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage of soybean, (b) first application of glyphosate at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage of soybean if later emerging weeds exceeded threshold densities.Nomenclature: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘S14-M7’.Additional index words: Critical period of weed control, integrated weed management.Abbreviations: DAE, days after emergence; IWM, integrated weed management; NT, no till; POST, postemergence.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Weed control differed among years with environmental conditions.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- weed speciese0weed
- Outcome
- Percent control of various weed speciese0
- Direction
- variede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percent control of various weed species varied among years due to environmental conditions.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate timing relative to weed emergence determined optimum soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Timing of glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- optimum soybean yielde0
- Direction
- optimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timing of glyphosate was critical relative to weed emergence and determined the success of the treatment in terms of optimum soybean yield and gross return.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate timing relative to weed emergence determined gross return.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Timing of glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- gross returne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Timing of glyphosate was critical relative to weed emergence and determined the success of the treatment in terms of optimum soybean yield and gross return.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical weed control period was approximately unifoliolate to one- to three-trifoliolate stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- critical period for weed controle0
- Value
- unifoliolate to the one- to three-trifoliolate stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield and gross return approximated that the critical period for weed control in glyphosate-resistant no-till soybean was the unifoliolate to the one- to three-trifoliolate stage.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential glyphosate applications gave higher soybean yield than a single preplant application.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Sequential applications of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single preplant application of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of glyphosate provided higher soybean yield and gross return than a single preplant application of glyphosate.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential glyphosate applications gave higher gross return than a single preplant application.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Sequential applications of glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single preplant application of glyphosatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of glyphosate provided higher soybean yield and gross return than a single preplant application of glyphosate.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant or unifoliolate glyphosate followed by a trifoliolate application gave maximum average soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied preplant or at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stagee0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied preplant or at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage consistently provided maximum average soybean yield and gross return.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant or unifoliolate glyphosate followed by a trifoliolate application gave maximum average gross return.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied preplant or at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stagee0
- Outcome
- gross returne0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied preplant or at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage consistently provided maximum average soybean yield and gross return.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential glyphosate treatment gross returns were more consistent across soybean price scenarios.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sequential glyphosate treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Gross returne0
- Direction
- more consistente0
- Qualifier
- variable soybean price scenariose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross return of the sequential glyphosate treatments was also more consistent across variable soybean price scenarios.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Later emerging uncontrolled weeds reduced soybean yield after one preplant glyphosate application.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- single preplant application of glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yield losse0
- Direction
- losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition from uncontrolled later emerging weeds resulted in soybean yield loss with the single preplant application of glyphosate.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Uncontrolled early weeds reduced yield when glyphosate was applied only at the trifoliolate stage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate was applied only at the one- to three-trifoliolate stagee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Competition from uncontrolled early-emerging weeds reduced soybean yields when glyphosate was applied only at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage of soybean.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify two glyphosate applications, first preplant to unifoliolate and then at one- to three-trifoliolate, as a weed control strategy.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- two applications of glyphosate, the first at preplant to the unifoliolate stage, followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, two weed control strategies were identified: (1) two applications of glyphosate, the first at preplant to the unifoliolate stage, followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage of soybean,”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The second strategy applies glyphosate at unifoliolate then trifoliolate stage if later weeds exceed threshold density.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- first application of glyphosate at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stagee0
- Qualifier
- if later emerging weeds exceeded threshold densitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(b) first application of glyphosate at the unifoliolate stage followed by a second application at the one- to three-trifoliolate stage of soybean if later emerging weeds exceeded threshold densities.”
t0“Soybean (Glycine max)”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
54 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
119 papers more in this group
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