Abstract
The prctreatment of rice roots for 1 h in aerobic conditions with the Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamil and the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtylenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine, induced during 3 h of anoxia: (i) inhi-bition of amino acid and y-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) accumulation; (ii) a decline in the protein con-tent; (iii) a release of amino acids and K+ into the growth media. The calcium ionophore A23187 reversed these effects in RR-treated roots. Moreover, the aerobic pretreatment of rice roots with A23187 alone or CaCl2 increased the accumulation of amino acids and Gaba. These data indicate that the Ca2+/CaM complex is involved in the transduction of an anaerobic signal by inhibiting proteolysis and solute release, and activating the Ca2+/CaM-dependent glutamate decarboxylase. Key words: y-Aminobutyrate — Anoxia — Calcium — Calmodulin — Oryza saliva — Root. Anoxia induces marked changes in the metabolism of amino acids and proteins. The anaerobic response of plant tissues involves a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (Bertani et al. 1981b) and an induction of a unique set of proteins, termed anaerobic polypeptides (Sachs et al. 1980). The lower demand for amino acids determined by the decline in the rate of protein synthesis has been sug-gested to be the cause for the anaerobic increase in the con-centration of free amino acids (Aurisano et al. 1995, Ber-tani and Brambilla 1982, Reggiani et al. 1988). The high concentration of free amino acids in plant tissues subject-ed to oxygen deficiency significantly contributes to the os-motic potential, thus compensating for the decrease in soluble hexose sugars employed in fermentative processes (Bertani et al. 1981a). Among the amino acids, alanine and y-aminobutyrate (Oaba) are accumulated at high levels in
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists inhibited amino acid and Gaba accumulation during anoxia.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamil and the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtylenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazinee0
- Outcome
- amino acid and y-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhi-bitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prctreatment of rice roots for 1 h in aerobic conditions with the Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamil and the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtylenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine, induced during 3 h of anoxia: (i) inhi-bition of amino acid and y-aminobutyric acid (Gaba) accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The blocker and antagonist pretreatments lowered rice root protein content during anoxia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamile1
- Outcome
- protein con-tente0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(ii) a decline in the protein con-tent”
t0“rice”
e1“Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamil”
Claim · model-written summary
The pretreatments induced release of amino acids and K+ into growth medium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamile1
- Outcome
- release of amino acids and K+ into the growth mediae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“(iii) a release of amino acids and K+ into the growth media.”
t0“rice”
e1“Ca2+-channel blockers ruthenium red (RR) and verapamil”
Claim · model-written summary
A23187 reversed the blocker effects in ruthenium red treated rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- calcium ionophore A23187e0
- Outcome
- these effectse0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- RR-treated rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The calcium ionophore A23187 reversed these effects in RR-treated roots.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
A23187 pretreatment increased amino acid and Gaba accumulation in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- A23187 alonee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of amino acids and Gabae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aerobic pretreatment of rice roots with A23187 alone or CaCl2 increased the accumulation of amino acids and Gaba.”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 pretreatment increased amino acid and Gaba accumulation in rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of amino acids and Gabae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the aerobic pretreatment of rice roots with A23187 alone or CaCl2 increased the accumulation of amino acids and Gaba.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred a role for the Ca2+/CaM complex in anaerobic signal transduction through proteolysis, solute release and glutamate decarboxylase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- Ca2+/CaM-dependent glutamate decarboxylasee0
- Outcome
- transduction of an anaerobic signale0
- Qualifier
- Ca2+/CaM complexe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Ca2+/CaM complex is involved in the transduction of an anaerobic signal by inhibiting proteolysis and solute release, and activating the Ca2+/CaM-dependent glutamate decarboxylase.”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
ruthenium red · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
verapamil · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
trifluoperazine · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
ruthenium red · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
verapamil · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
calcium chloride dihydrate · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
biocontrol · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.