Abstract
Several transgenic lines of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., expressing a synthetic cry1A gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), were examined in replicated field trials in 2003-2007 for suppression of naturally occurring population densities of lepidopteran pests and the resultant crop injury that they caused. Bt soybean and negative controls (isogenic segregants and parental lines) were evaluated against velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker); and green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.). Population densities of these lepidopteran species were essentially absent in each of the Bt soybean entries evaluated throughout the growing season in every year of the study compared with moderate (5-10 larvae per row-m) to large (20-30 larvae per row-m) peak population densities in the negative control soybean entries. These lepidopteran populations caused significant plant injury in the non-Bt soybean plots, ranging from 53% defoliation in 2003 to 17.5% in 2007, compared with < 1.5% defoliation (mostly 0.0% defoliation) in the Bt soybean plots. When two or three foliar insecticides were applied in August or September, as lepidopteran populations approached or exceeded economic threshold levels, pest populations were suppressed and defoliation was minimal in the treated non-Bt entries similar to results in Bt soybean. Soybean 100-seed weights and harvested yields were similar between the Bt and non-Bt entries each year of this study. It seems that Bt transgenic soybean provides excellent season-long control of lepidopteran pests and have yields equal to the standard cultivars examined in this study. Once available to producers, this Bt technology has the potential to provide an effective insect pest management option similar to that being used in Bt cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and Bt corn, Zea mays L., and enhance the sustainability and profitability of soybean production in the southern region where lepidopteran pests cause annual economic losses to the crop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Velvetbean caterpillar populations were essentially absent in Bt soybean across seasons versus control peaks of 5–30 larvae per row-m.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Bt soybeane2
- Treatment
- Bt soybeane2
- Interactor
- Anticarsia gemmatalis
Anticarsia gemmatalise1pest - Outcome
- Population densities of these lepidopteran speciese2
- Direction
- essentially absente2
- Qualifier
- 5-10 larvae per row-me2
- Comparator
- negative control soybean entriese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner)”
e2“Population densities of these lepidopteran species were essentially absent in each of the Bt soybean entries evaluated throughout the growing season in every year of the study compared with moderate (5-10 larvae per row-m) to large (20-30 larvae per row-m) peak population densities in the negative control soybean entries”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean looper populations were essentially absent in Bt soybean across seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bt soybeane2
- Interactor
- Pseudoplusia includens
Chrysodeixis includense1pest - Outcome
- Population densities of these lepidopteran speciese2
- Direction
- essentially absente2
- Comparator
- negative control soybean entriese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)”
e2“Population densities of these lepidopteran species were essentially absent in each of the Bt soybean entries evaluated throughout the growing season in every year of the study compared with moderate (5-10 larvae per row-m) to large (20-30 larvae per row-m) peak population densities in the negative control soybean entries”
Claim · model-written summary
Green cloverworm populations were essentially absent in Bt soybean across seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bt soybeane2
- Interactor
- Hypena scabra
.jpg?width=60)
Hypena scabrae1pest - Outcome
- Population densities of these lepidopteran speciese2
- Direction
- essentially absente2
- Comparator
- negative control soybean entriese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.)”
e2“Population densities of these lepidopteran species were essentially absent in each of the Bt soybean entries evaluated throughout the growing season in every year of the study compared with moderate (5-10 larvae per row-m) to large (20-30 larvae per row-m) peak population densities in the negative control soybean entries”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt soybean had under 1.5% defoliation versus 17.5–53% in non-Bt plots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bt soybean plotse1
- Outcome
- defoliatione1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- < 1.5%e1
- Qualifier
- 53% defoliation in 2003 to 17.5% in 2007e1
- Comparator
- non-Bt soybean plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“These lepidopteran populations caused significant plant injury in the non-Bt soybean plots, ranging from 53% defoliation in 2003 to 17.5% in 2007, compared with < 1.5% defoliation (mostly 0.0% defoliation) in the Bt soybean plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar insecticides suppressed pest populations in non-Bt soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- two or three foliar insecticidese1
- Outcome
- pest populationse1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- in August or Septembere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“When two or three foliar insecticides were applied in August or September, as lepidopteran populations approached or exceeded economic threshold levels, pest populations were suppressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar insecticides kept defoliation minimal in non-Bt soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- two or three foliar insecticidese1
- Outcome
- defoliatione1
- Direction
- minimale1
- Comparator
- Bt soybeane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“When two or three foliar insecticides were applied in August or September, as lepidopteran populations approached or exceeded economic threshold levels, pest populations were suppressed and defoliation was minimal in the treated non-Bt entries similar to results in Bt soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean 100-seed weights were similar between Bt and non-Bt entries each year.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bte0
- Outcome
- 100-seed weightse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- non-Bt entriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean 100-seed weights and harvested yields were similar between the Bt and non-Bt entries each year of this study”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean harvested yields were similar between Bt and non-Bt entries each year.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Bte0
- Outcome
- harvested yieldse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- non-Bt entriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean 100-seed weights and harvested yields were similar between the Bt and non-Bt entries each year of this study”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Bt soybean could provide an effective pest management option and enhance production sustainability and profitability.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- effective insect pest management optione1
- Qualifier
- has the potentiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.”
e1“this Bt technology has the potential to provide an effective insect pest management option similar to that being used in Bt cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and Bt corn, Zea mays L., and enhance the sustainability and profitability of soybean production”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.