Abstract
An in vivo shikimate accumulation assay with excised leaf tissue was developed to provide a fast and reliable method for identifying glyphosate-resistant plants. The assay is based on glyphosate-induced accumulation of shikimate. There was a linear accumulation of shikimate in excised leaf discs of soybean and canola treated with 250 μM glyphosate for 48 h. The IC50 for the accumulation of shikimate in soybean and corn leaf discs was 34 and 87 μM, respectively. Leaf discs excised from glyphosate-resistant corn or soybean did not accumulate shikimate when treated with 500 μM glyphosate. Leaf discs taken from a number of field-grown plants accumulated shikimate in a glyphosate dose–dependent manner. The accumulation of shikimate was dependent on light and the age of the leaf from which the disc was taken. The assay worked either in 96-well microtiter plates or in vials, and it clearly differentiated between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops in which the resistance is due to an alteration of the target site for glyphosate. The assay was simple and robust and has the potential to be used as a high throughput assay to detect glyphosate resistance in weeds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-treated soybean leaf discs accumulated shikimate linearly over 48 hours.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- leaf discse0
- Treatment
- 250 μM glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of shikimatee0
- Direction
- linear accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a linear accumulation of shikimate in excised leaf discs of soybean and canola treated with 250 μM glyphosate for 48 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-treated canola leaf discs accumulated shikimate linearly over 48 hours.
- Taxon
- canola
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Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Organ / stage
- leaf discse0
- Treatment
- 250 μM glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of shikimatee0
- Direction
- linear accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- 48 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“There was a linear accumulation of shikimate in excised leaf discs of soybean and canola treated with 250 μM glyphosate for 48 h.”
Claim · model-written summary
The shikimate accumulation IC50 in soybean leaf discs was 34 μM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leaf discse0
- Outcome
- IC50 for the accumulation of shikimatee0
- Value
- 34 and 87 μMe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IC50 for the accumulation of shikimate in soybean and corn leaf discs was 34 and 87 μM, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
The shikimate accumulation IC50 in corn leaf discs was 87 μM.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- leaf discse0
- Outcome
- IC50 for the accumulation of shikimatee0
- Value
- 34 and 87 μMe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The IC50 for the accumulation of shikimate in soybean and corn leaf discs was 34 and 87 μM, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-resistant corn leaf discs did not accumulate shikimate after glyphosate treatment.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Material
- glyphosate-resistant corne0
- Organ / stage
- Leaf discse0
- Treatment
- 500 μM glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- did not accumulate shikimatee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf discs excised from glyphosate-resistant corn or soybean did not accumulate shikimate when treated with 500 μM glyphosate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-resistant soybean leaf discs did not accumulate shikimate after glyphosate treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- glyphosate-resistant corn or soybeane0
- Organ / stage
- Leaf discse0
- Treatment
- 500 μM glyphosatee0
- Outcome
- did not accumulate shikimatee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf discs excised from glyphosate-resistant corn or soybean did not accumulate shikimate when treated with 500 μM glyphosate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Field-grown plant leaf discs accumulated shikimate with glyphosate dose.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf discs taken from a number of field-grown plants accumulated shikimate in a glyphosate dose–dependent manner.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shikimate accumulation depended on light and leaf age.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- accumulation of shikimatee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The accumulation of shikimate was dependent on light and the age of the leaf from which the disc was taken.”
t0“identifying glyphosate-resistant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The assay functioned in 96-well microtiter plates.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- workede0
- Comparator
- vialse0
Verbatim
e0“The assay worked either in 96-well microtiter plates or in vials”
t0“identifying glyphosate-resistant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The assay differentiated resistant and susceptible crops with target-site resistance.
Verbatim
e0“it clearly differentiated between glyphosate-resistant and -susceptible crops in which the resistance is due to an alteration of the target site for glyphosate”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →glyphosate · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →glyphosate · molecular: metabolites · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.