Abstract
Herbicides commonly used to control Cyperus spp. are not completely effective against Kyllinga spp. Field trials were conducted on North Carolina golf courses to evaluate green and false-green kyllinga control at fairway and rough golf course mowing heights. Treatments included single and sequential applications of bentazon (1.12 kg ai/ha), halosulfuron (0.07 kg/ha), MSMA (2.24 kg/ ha), and trifloxysulfuron (0.03 kg/ha); imazaquin (0.56 kg/ha) with and without MSMA; and two rates of sulfentrazone (0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha). Green or false-green kyllinga control was equivalent at fairway and rough mowing heights. Halosulfuron applied sequentially, imazaquin with and without MSMA, and trifloxysulfuron applied singly or sequentially, controlled green and false-green kyllinga 89 to 99% 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). However, Kyllinga spp. control decreased over the course of the study regardless of herbicide treatment. By one year after treatment (YAIT), bentazon or MSMA alone controlled green or false-green kyllinga 50% or less. No difference was observed in green or false-green kyllinga control between imazaquin vs. imazaquin plus MSMA, sulfentrazone 0.42 vs. 0.56 kg/ha, or trifloxysulfuron one vs. two applications at any rating date. Green kyllinga was seemingly more difficult to control than false-green kyllinga. Sequential applications of bentazon and MSMA, single applications of halosulfuron, sulfentrazone applied at 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha, and single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT. Further research is needed to assess the potential variation among Cyperus and Kyllinga spp. response to herbicides.Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.; false-green kyllinga, Kyllinga gracillima L.; green kyllinga, Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. #3 KYLBR.Additional index words: Mowing height, turfgrass management.Abbreviations: WAIT, weeks after initial treatment; YAIT, year after initial treatment.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Kyllinga control was equivalent at fairway and rough mowing heights.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone1 - Treatment
- fairwaye0
- Outcome
- kyllinga controle0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- rough mowing heightse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green or false-green kyllinga control was equivalent at fairway and rough mowing heights”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential halosulfuron controlled kyllinga 89 to 99% at 10 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- Halosulfuron applied sequentiallye0
- Outcome
- green and false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 89 to 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Halosulfuron applied sequentially, imazaquin with and without MSMA, and trifloxysulfuron applied singly or sequentially, controlled green and false-green kyllinga 89 to 99% 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT)”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin with and without MSMA controlled kyllinga 89 to 99% at 10 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- imazaquin with and without MSMAe0
- Outcome
- green and false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 89 to 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imazaquin with and without MSMA, and trifloxysulfuron applied singly or sequentially, controlled green and false-green kyllinga 89 to 99% 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT)”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single or sequential trifloxysulfuron controlled kyllinga 89 to 99% at 10 weeks.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- trifloxysulfuron applied singly or sequentiallye0
- Outcome
- green and false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 89 to 99%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trifloxysulfuron applied singly or sequentially, controlled green and false-green kyllinga 89 to 99% 10 wk after initial treatment (WAIT)”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Kyllinga control decreased over the study for all herbicide treatments.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Outcome
- Kyllinga spp. controle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kyllinga spp. control decreased over the course of the study regardless of herbicide treatment”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentazon alone controlled no more than 50% after one year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- bentazone0
- Outcome
- green or false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 50% or lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By one year after treatment (YAIT), bentazon or MSMA alone controlled green or false-green kyllinga 50% or less”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
MSMA alone controlled no more than 50% after one year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- MSMAe0
- Outcome
- green or false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 50% or lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By one year after treatment (YAIT), bentazon or MSMA alone controlled green or false-green kyllinga 50% or less”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin control did not differ with MSMA added.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- imazaquine0
- Outcome
- green or false-green kyllinga controle0
- Direction
- No differencee0
- Comparator
- imazaquin plus MSMAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No difference was observed in green or false-green kyllinga control between imazaquin vs. imazaquin plus MSMA”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfentrazone control did not differ between 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- sulfentrazone 0.42e0
- Outcome
- kyllinga controlt1
- Direction
- No differencet1
- Comparator
- 0.56 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulfentrazone 0.42 vs. 0.56 kg/ha”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
t1“No difference was observed in green or false-green kyllinga control between imazaquin vs. imazaquin plus MSMA, sulfentrazone 0.42 vs. 0.56 kg/ha, or trifloxysulfuron one vs. two applications at any rating date”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifloxysulfuron control did not differ between one and two applications.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- trifloxysulfuron onee0
- Outcome
- kyllinga controlt1
- Direction
- No differencet1
- Comparator
- two applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trifloxysulfuron one vs. two applications at any rating date”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
t1“No difference was observed in green or false-green kyllinga control between imazaquin vs. imazaquin plus MSMA, sulfentrazone 0.42 vs. 0.56 kg/ha, or trifloxysulfuron one vs. two applications at any rating date”
Claim · model-written summary
Green kyllinga appeared harder to control than false-green kyllinga.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Outcome
- Green kyllinga was seemingly more difficult to controle0
- Direction
- more difficulte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Green kyllinga was seemingly more difficult to control than false-green kyllinga”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential bentazon controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga after one year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- Sequential applications of bentazone0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of bentazon and MSMA, single applications of halosulfuron, sulfentrazone applied at 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha, and single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential MSMA controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga after one year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- MSMAe0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential applications of bentazon and MSMA, single applications of halosulfuron, sulfentrazone applied at 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha, and single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single halosulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga after one year.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- single applications of halosulfurone0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single applications of halosulfuron, sulfentrazone applied at 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha, and single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfentrazone at 0.42 kg/ha controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- sulfentrazone applied at 0.42e0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulfentrazone applied at 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha, and single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfentrazone at 0.56 kg/ha controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- 0.56 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulfentrazone applied at 0.42 and 0.56 kg/ha, and single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Single trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- singlee0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% more than green kyllinga.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone1
- Treatment
- sequential applications of trifloxysulfurone0
- Outcome
- false-green kyllingae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- at least 10%e0
- Comparator
- green kyllingae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“single and sequential applications of trifloxysulfuron controlled false-green kyllinga at least 10% greater than green kyllinga at 1 YAIT”
e1“Nomenclature: Bentazon, halosulfuron, imazaquin, monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA), sulfentrazone, trifloxysulfuron; bermudagrass, Cynodon spp.”
The same questions in other papers
sulfentrazone · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
imazaquin · control · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.