Abstract
Tolerance to fusarium root rot and the changes in free amino acid contents in mycorrhizal asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L., cv. Welcome) plants were investigated. Sixteen weeks after inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF; Glomus sp. R10), mycorrhizal plants showed higher dry weight of ferns and roots than non-mycorrhizal plants, and AMF colonization level in a root system reached up to 73.3%. Ten weeks after Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi (Foa; MAFF305556, SUF1226) inoculation, disease incidence and the severity of symptoms were eased and disease indices were low as less than 20 in mycorrhizal plants compared with non-AMF plants in the both isolates. As for the changes in free amino acid, total free amino acid contents in ferns and roots were higher in AMF plants than non-AMF plants 16 weeks after AMF inoculation. In this case, eight constituents of amino acids in ferns and 16 in roots increased in AMF plants; in particular, arginine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed considerable increase in both ferns and roots in AMF plants. In the Foa culture by Czapec-Dox medium in vitro, suppression of Foa propagation was recognized by the addition (0.1, 1%, w/v) of arginine and GABA. From these findings, plant growth enhancement and tolerance to fusarium root rot occurred in mycorrhizal asparagus plants, and the disease tolerance was supposed to be associated with the symbiosis-specific increase in free amino acids.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal asparagus had higher fern and root dry weight than non-mycorrhizal plants at 16 weeks.
Verbatim
e0“Sixteen weeks after inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF; Glomus sp. R10), mycorrhizal plants showed higher dry weight of ferns and roots than non-mycorrhizal plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization reached 73.3% of the asparagus root system.
Verbatim
e0“AMF colonization level in a root system reached up to 73.3%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal asparagus had eased disease incidence and symptom severity after Foa inoculation.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Interactor
- Foa
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidence and the severity of symptomse0
- Direction
- easede0
- Comparator
- non-AMF plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. asparagi (Foa; MAFF305556, SUF1226) inoculation, disease incidence and the severity of symptoms were eased and disease indices were low as less than 20 in mycorrhizal plants compared with non-AMF plants in the both isolates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal asparagus had disease indices below 20 in both Foa isolates relative to non-AMF plants.
Verbatim
e0“disease indices were low as less than 20 in mycorrhizal plants compared with non-AMF plants in the both isolates.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plants had higher total free amino acid contents in ferns and roots.
Verbatim
e0“total free amino acid contents in ferns and roots were higher in AMF plants than non-AMF plants 16 weeks after AMF inoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight fern amino acid constituents increased in AMF plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- AMF plantse0
- Outcome
- constituents of amino acids in fernse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- eighte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“eight constituents of amino acids in ferns and 16 in roots increased in AMF plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen root amino acid constituents increased in AMF plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“eight constituents of amino acids in ferns and 16 in roots increased in AMF plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine increased considerably in ferns and roots of AMF plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Organ / stage
- ferns and rootse0
- Treatment
- AMF plantse0
- Outcome
- argininee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“arginine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed considerable increase in both ferns and roots in AMF plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
GABA increased considerably in ferns and roots of AMF plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Organ / stage
- ferns and rootse0
- Treatment
- AMF plantse0
- Outcome
- gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“arginine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed considerable increase in both ferns and roots in AMF plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Added arginine suppressed Foa propagation in culture.
- Taxon
- FoaFusarium oxysporume0
- Treatment
- addition (0.1, 1%, w/v) of argininee0
- Interactor
- FoaFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Foa propagatione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of Foa propagation was recognized by the addition (0.1, 1%, w/v) of arginine and GABA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Added GABA suppressed Foa propagation in culture.
- Taxon
- FoaFusarium oxysporume0
- Treatment
- GABAe0
- Interactor
- FoaFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Foa propagatione0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suppression of Foa propagation was recognized by the addition (0.1, 1%, w/v) of arginine and GABA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors proposed that disease tolerance was associated with symbiosis-specific increase in free amino acids.
- Taxon
- diseasee0
- Treatment
- symbiosis-specific increase in free amino acidse0
- Outcome
- disease tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- symbiosis-specific increase in free amino acidse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“the disease tolerance was supposed to be associated with the symbiosis-specific increase in free amino acids.”
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