Abstract
Eggplant cultivars grafted on rootstocks resistant to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are increasingly grown in Italy to reduce nematode infection. During the winter of 2003-2004, eggplants (cv Black Bell and Mirabell) grafted on the nematode-resistant rootstock Solanum torvum were observed with symptoms of a wilt disease in several greenhouses in Sicily (southern Italy). The vascular tissue in stems of affected plants appeared brown. These plants were stunted and developed yellow leaves with brown or black streaks in the vascular tissue. The wilt appeared in several greenhouses at a very low incidence (0.01 to 0.05%). Later, during the fall of 2004, disease incidence was approximately ten times greater in the same greenhouses on new crops. Verticillium dahliae was consistently and readily isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue of the rootstock (S. torvum) and the scion (cv Black bell) when cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) (1). Healthy, 50-day-old plants of S. torvum and eggplant (cv. Black Bell) were separately inoculated by root dip with a conidial suspension (1 × 10 7 CFU/ml) of two isolates of V. dahliae obtained from the rootstock and the scion of the infected grafted plants and with a known pathogenic isolate of V. dahliae from nongrafted eggplant. Noninoculated S. torvum and eggplant served as control treatments. Plants (30 per treatment) were grown in a glasshouse at temperatures ranging between 12 and 41°C (weekly average 15 to 36°C) and relative humidity ranging between 36 and 99% (weekly average 54 to 95%). The first wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration in the roots, crowns, and veins developed 26 and 21 days after inoculation on S. torvum and eggplant, respectively. Seventy-two days after inoculation, 20, 26, and 27% of S. torvum plants and 97, 100, and 87% of the eggplants showed symptoms caused by V. dahliae isolates obtained from the scion of diseased grafted plants, the rootstock of diseased grafted plants, and nongrafted eggplants, respectively. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Italy of Verticillium wilt on eggplant grafted on S. torvum rootstocks under commercial conditions. Use of eggplant grafted on the nematode-resistant rootstock of S. torvum presents an interesting opportunity to control the root-knot nematode but has to be carefully considered when dealing with soils severely infested by V. dahliae. Reference: (1) G. F. Pegg and B. L. Brady. Verticillium Wilts. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 2002.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wilt affected grafted eggplants in Sicily greenhouses.
- Taxon
- eggplants
Solanum melongenae0 - Material
- cv Black Bell and Mirabelle0
- Outcome
- symptoms of a wilt diseasee0
- Setting
- Sicily (southern Italy)e0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eggplants (cv Black Bell and Mirabell) grafted on the nematode-resistant rootstock Solanum torvum were observed with symptoms of a wilt disease in several greenhouses in Sicily (southern Italy)”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected grafted plants had brown stem vascular tissue, stunting, and yellow leaves with vascular streaks.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The vascular tissue in stems of affected plants appeared brown. These plants were stunted and developed yellow leaves with brown or black streaks in the vascular tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Wilt incidence initially ranged from 0.01 to 0.05%.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The wilt appeared in several greenhouses at a very low incidence (0.01 to 0.05%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence was roughly ten times greater in later crops at the same greenhouses.
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- ten times greatere0
- Value
- ten timese0
- Comparator
- new cropse0
- Setting
- greenhousese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“disease incidence was approximately ten times greater in the same greenhouses on new crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Verticillium dahliae was isolated from symptomatic rootstock and scion vascular tissue.
- Taxon
- S. torvum
Solanum torvume0 - Organ / stage
- vascular tissuee0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee0pathogen - Outcome
- isolated from symptomatic vascular tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Verticillium dahliae was consistently and readily isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue of the rootstock (S. torvum) and the scion (cv Black bell)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated S. torvum developed wilt and vascular discoloration after 26 days.
- Taxon
- S. torvumSolanum torvume0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- wilt symptoms and vascular discoloratione0
- Value
- 26e0
Not reportedInteractorComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration in the roots, crowns, and veins developed 26 and 21 days after inoculation on S. torvum and eggplant, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated eggplant developed wilt and vascular discoloration after 21 days.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- wilt symptoms and vascular discoloratione0
- Value
- 21e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration in the roots, crowns, and veins developed 26 and 21 days after inoculation on S. torvum and eggplant, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 72 days, 20, 26, and 27% of S. torvum plants showed symptoms across the three isolate sources.
- Taxon
- S. torvumSolanum torvume0
- Value
- 20, 26, and 27%e0
Not reportedOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“20, 26, and 27% of S. torvum plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 72 days, 97, 100, and 87% of eggplants showed symptoms across the three isolate sources.
- Taxon
- eggplantsSolanum melongenae0
- Outcome
- showed symptomse0
- Value
- 97, 100, and 87%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“97, 100, and 87% of the eggplants showed symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Noninoculated plants remained healthy.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Noninoculated plants remained healthy”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report Verticillium wilt on eggplant grafted to S. torvum in Italy for the first time.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Interactor
- VerticilliumVerticilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilte0
- Setting
- Italye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“first report in Italy of Verticillium wilt on eggplant grafted on S. torvum rootstocks under commercial conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise caution using S. torvum grafted eggplant in soils heavily infested with V. dahliae.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Material
- S. torvume0
- Interactor
- V. dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- carefully considered when dealing with soils severely infested by V. dahliaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of eggplant grafted on the nematode-resistant rootstock of S. torvum presents an interesting opportunity to control the root-knot nematode but has to be carefully considered when dealing with soils severely infested by V. dahliae”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
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See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.