Abstract
The experiment was established in the spring 1999 on lessive soil developed from light boulder clay. Apple trees of Golden Delicious cv. on M.26 rootstock were planted in 3.5 × 1.2 m (2381 trees·ha-1) spacing. Research involved the effect of diversified levels of potassium fertilization: 12, 16 and 20 mg K 100 g-1 d.m. of soil and three types of potassium fertilizers: potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) on trees yielding and nutrition, as well as nutrient contents in the soil. Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard. Increase of available potassium content from 12 to 20 mg K·100 g-1 f. m of soil, due to fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate did increase soil pH (in H2O) in arable and subarable layers as a result of higher contents of available calcium. Alkalizing effect of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, generally assumed as physiologically acidifying, occurred on neutral and alkaline soils [pH (in H2O) over 6.90]. Fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate increased the content of sulfates in arable and subarable layers. The same result was observed in the case of chlorides in subarable layer. Application of potassium fertilization with potassium nitrate brought about decreased values of available magnesium content only in subarable layer. Due to the use of high rates of potassium nitrate, on the level 20 mg K·100 g-1 of soil, there was observed increased soil salinity (EC) both in arable and subarable layers. Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizers did not influence on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and chlorine in apple tree leaves. Increasing potassium levels in the soil and potassium fertilizers did not affect the yield of Golden Delicious apple trees after coming them into full fruition period.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization with potassium chloride, sulfate or nitrate increased available potassium in arable and subarable soil layers.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitratee1
- Outcome
- content of available potassiume1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees of Golden Delicious cv. on M.26 rootstock”
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing available potassium from 12 to 20 mg K·100 g-1 with potassium fertilizers increased soil pH in arable and subarable layers.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitratee2
- Outcome
- soil pH (in H2O)e2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Setting
- arable and subarable layerse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
e2“Increase of available potassium content from 12 to 20 mg K·100 g-1 f. m of soil, due to fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate did increase soil pH (in H2O) in arable and subarable layers as a result of higher contents of available calcium”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalizing effect of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate occurred on neutral and alkaline soils.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- potassium sulfate and potassium nitratee3
- Outcome
- pH (in H2O)e3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Setting
- neutral and alkaline soilse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
e3“Alkalizing effect of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, generally assumed as physiologically acidifying, occurred on neutral and alkaline soils [pH (in H2O) over 6.90]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization with potassium chloride, sulfate or nitrate increased sulfate content in arable and subarable soil layers.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitratee4
- Outcome
- content of sulfatese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- arable and subarable layerse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
e4“Fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate increased the content of sulfates in arable and subarable layers. The same result was observed in the case of chlorides in subarable layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization increased chloride content in the subarable soil layer.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Outcome
- chloridese4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Setting
- subarable layere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
e4“Fertilization with potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate increased the content of sulfates in arable and subarable layers. The same result was observed in the case of chlorides in subarable layer”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate fertilization decreased available magnesium content in the subarable soil layer.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- potassium nitratee5
- Outcome
- available magnesium contente5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- subarable layere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
e5“Application of potassium fertilization with potassium nitrate brought about decreased values of available magnesium content only in subarable layer. Due to the use of high rates of potassium nitrate, on the level 20 mg K·100 g-1 of soil, there was observed increased soil salinity (EC) both in arable and subarable layers”
Claim · model-written summary
High rates of potassium nitrate at 20 mg K·100 g-1 increased soil salinity (EC) in arable and subarable layers.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- high rates of potassium nitratee5
- Outcome
- soil salinity (EC)e5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Setting
- arable and subarable layerse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Potassium fertilization using potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate resulted in increased content of available potassium both in arable (0–20 cm) and in subarable (20–40 cm) layers of an apple orchard”
e5“Application of potassium fertilization with potassium nitrate brought about decreased values of available magnesium content only in subarable layer. Due to the use of high rates of potassium nitrate, on the level 20 mg K·100 g-1 of soil, there was observed increased soil salinity (EC) both in arable and subarable layers”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization did not influence leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of apple trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassiume6
- Direction
- did not influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees of Golden Delicious cv. on M.26 rootstock”
e6“Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizers did not influence on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and chlorine in apple tree leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization did not influence leaf calcium, magnesium and sulfur contents of apple trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- calcium, magnesium, sulfure6
- Direction
- did not influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees of Golden Delicious cv. on M.26 rootstock”
e6“Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizers did not influence on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and chlorine in apple tree leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilization did not influence leaf chlorine content of apple trees.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- chlorinee6
- Direction
- did not influencee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple trees of Golden Delicious cv. on M.26 rootstock”
e6“Introduction of potassium fertilization and increasingly higher rates of potassium fertilizers did not influence on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur and chlorine in apple tree leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil potassium levels and potassium fertilizers did not affect the yield of Golden Delicious apple trees in full fruition.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae7
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- Increasing potassium levels in the soil and potassium fertilizerse7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- did not affecte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Increasing potassium levels in the soil and potassium fertilizers did not affect the yield of Golden Delicious apple trees after coming them into full fruition period”
e0“Apple trees of Golden Delicious cv. on M.26 rootstock”
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