Abstract
ABSTRACT In order to understand how salicylic acid (SA) is involved in modulating rice responses to cadmium (Cd) toxicity, particularly in Cd immobilization, a series of hydroponic experiments were conducted to examine changes in cell wall composition, activities of the enzymes related to lignin synthesis including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), subcellular Cd distribution, levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lignin and non-protein thiols (NPT) in rice roots under Cd stress with or without the pretreatment of SA. Results showed that Cd treatment decreased root biomass by 40% compared with the control (no Cd treatment) and pretreatment with SA significantly mitigated the Cd-induced inhibition of root growth. There was no significant difference in root cell wall composition or lignification between the treatment with Cd alone and the treatment with Cd with SA. No effects were observed for SA pretreatment on the activities of PAL, POD, or PPO under Cd stress. Furthermore, soluble Cd concentrations in root cells were significantly higher in the treatment with Cd with SA than in the treatment with Cd alone. However, H2O2 and MDA concentrations in rice roots were significantly lower but NPT levels were higher in the treatment with Cd with SA than in the treatment with Cd alone, which indicated that SA alleviated Cd-induced oxidative damage. It seems to suggest that SA-mediated enhancement of Cd tolerance was not due to enhanced Cd retention in the cell wall but to enhanced Cd bindings with thiols (─SH) group. The effects of SA-enhanced Cd tolerance were discussed with regard to H2O2 signaling pathways.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium treatment decreased rice root biomass by 40% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Rice Roots
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Cd treatmente1
- Outcome
- root biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 40%e1
- Comparator
- the control (no Cd treatment)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e1“Cd treatment decreased root biomass by 40% compared with the control (no Cd treatment)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment significantly mitigated the cadmium-induced inhibition of rice root growth.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with SAe2
- Outcome
- root growthe2
- Direction
- mitigatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e2“pretreatment with SA significantly mitigated the Cd-induced inhibition of root growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid did not change root cell wall composition or lignification under cadmium stress in rice roots.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd with SAe3
- Outcome
- root cell wall composition or lignificatione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- Cd alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e3“There was no significant difference in root cell wall composition or lignification between the treatment with Cd alone and the treatment with Cd with SA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid pretreatment did not change the activities of PAL, POD or PPO under cadmium stress in rice roots.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SA pretreatmente4
- Outcome
- activities of PAL, POD, or PPOe4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e4“No effects were observed for SA pretreatment on the activities of PAL, POD, or PPO under Cd stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble cadmium concentration in rice root cells was higher with cadmium plus salicylic acid than with cadmium alone.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd with SAe5
- Outcome
- soluble Cd concentrations in root cellse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- Cd alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e5“soluble Cd concentrations in root cells were significantly higher in the treatment with Cd with SA than in the treatment with Cd alone”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 and MDA concentrations in rice roots were lower with cadmium plus salicylic acid than with cadmium alone.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd with SAe6
- Outcome
- H2O2 and MDA concentrationse6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- Cd alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e6“H2O2 and MDA concentrations in rice roots were significantly lower but NPT levels were higher in the treatment with Cd with SA than in the treatment with Cd alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-protein thiol levels in rice roots were higher with cadmium plus salicylic acid than with cadmium alone.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Cd with SAe6
- Outcome
- NPT levelse6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- Cd alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e6“H2O2 and MDA concentrations in rice roots were significantly lower but NPT levels were higher in the treatment with Cd with SA than in the treatment with Cd alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rice roots.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- SAe7
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee7
- Direction
- alleviatede7
- Comparator
- Cd alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e6“H2O2 and MDA concentrations in rice roots were significantly lower but NPT levels were higher in the treatment with Cd with SA than in the treatment with Cd alone”
e7“which indicated that SA alleviated Cd-induced oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid enhanced cadmium tolerance of rice roots through cadmium binding with thiols rather than cell wall retention.
- Taxon
- Rice RootsOryza sativat0
- Compound
- thiolse1
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- not due to enhanced Cd retention in the cell walle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice Roots”
e1“It seems to suggest that SA-mediated enhancement of Cd tolerance was not due to enhanced Cd retention in the cell wall but to enhanced Cd bindings with thiols (─SH) group”
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See all 37 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.