Abstract
In commercial crops, maize (Zea mays) plants are typically grown at a larger distance between rows (70 cm) than within the same row (16-23 cm). This rectangular arrangement creates a heterogeneous environment in which the plants receive higher red light (R) to far-red light (FR) ratios from the interrow spaces. In field crops, the hybrid Dekalb 696 (DK696) showed an increased proportion of leaves toward interrow spaces, whereas the experimental hybrid 980 (Exp980) retained random leaf orientation. Mirrors reflecting FR were placed close to isolated plants to simulate the presence of neighbors in the field. In addition, localized FR was applied to target leaves in a growth chamber. During their expansion, the leaves of DK696 turned away from the low R to FR ratio signals, whereas Exp980 leaves remained unaffected. On the contrary, tillering was reduced and plant height was increased by low R to FR ratios in Exp980 but not in DK696. Isolated plants preconditioned with low R/FR-simulating neighbors in a North-South row showed reduced mutual shading among leaves when the plants were actually grouped in North-South rows. These observations contradict the current view that phytochrome-mediated responses to low R/FR are a relic from wild conditions, detrimental for crop yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Field-grown DK696 had more leaves facing interrow spaces.
- Material
- Dekalb 696 (DK696)e0
- Outcome
- proportion of leaves toward interrow spacese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysNot reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“the hybrid Dekalb 696 (DK696) showed an increased proportion of leaves toward interrow spaces”
Claim · model-written summary
Exp980 retained random leaf orientation in field crops.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“the experimental hybrid 980 (Exp980) retained random leaf orientation”
Claim · model-written summary
Expanding DK696 leaves turned away from low R to FR signals.
- Material
- DK696e0
- Treatment
- low R to FR ratio signalse0
- Outcome
- turned away from the low R to FR ratio signalse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“the leaves of DK696 turned away from the low R to FR ratio signals”
Claim · model-written summary
Exp980 leaf orientation remained unaffected by low R to FR signals.
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Exp980 leaves remained unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Low R to FR reduced tillering in Exp980.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“tillering was reduced and plant height was increased by low R to FR ratios in Exp980 but not in DK696”
Claim · model-written summary
Low R to FR increased height in Exp980.
- Material
- Exp980e0
- Treatment
- low R to FR ratiose0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- DK696e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“tillering was reduced and plant height was increased by low R to FR ratios in Exp980 but not in DK696”
Claim · model-written summary
Low R to FR did not alter tillering or height in DK696.
- Material
- DK696e0
- Treatment
- low R to FR ratiose0
- Outcome
- tillering was reduced and plant height was increasede0
- Comparator
- Exp980e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“tillering was reduced and plant height was increased by low R to FR ratios in Exp980 but not in DK696”
Claim · model-written summary
Neighbor-signal preconditioning reduced mutual leaf shading after plants were grouped in north-south rows.
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Isolated plants preconditioned with low R/FR-simulating neighbors in a North-South row showed reduced mutual shading among leaves when the plants were actually grouped in North-South rows”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.