Abstract
Abstract To explore sustainably effective biological control measures to suppress the super pest B emisia tabaci ( G ennadius) Middle E ast‐ A sia M inor 1 and better understand the biological control effects of single and multiple releases of parasitoids, we evaluated the performance and interaction of two aphelinid parasitoids of B . tabaci , E retmocerus hayati Z olnerowich & R ose (an exotic primary parasitoid) and E ncarsia sophia ( G irault & D odd) (an autoparasitoid, which is controversial in a biological control program). Single species or two species were jointly (1:1 density ratio) released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province, C hina, in 2010. Results of the field cage experiment showed that all parasitoid release treatments were successful in reducing the densities of the host B . tabaci relative to the control in which no parasitoid was released. The combined release of two parasitoid species showed the highest control effect among the treatments. Different population growth trajectories indicated asymmetric competitive effects of E n. sophia on E r. hayati . The densities of E r. hayati were significantly higher in the E r. hayati alone treatment than in the combined release treatment, while densities of E n. sophia were lower in the E n. sophia alone treatment than in the combined release treatment. Our results demonstrated interspecific competition between autoparasitoid E n. sophia and exotic primary parasitoid E r. hayati . However, no evidence indicated that autoparasitoid E n. sophia disrupted the host suppression achieved by primary parasitoid E r. hayati . The release of the autoparasitoid together with the primary parasitoid may not influence host suppression in biological control.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All parasitoid release treatments reduced B. tabaci densities on cotton relative to the control with no parasitoid.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- parasitoid releasee1
- Interactor
- B . tabaci
Bemisia tabacie1pest - Outcome
- densities of the host B . tabacie1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- control in which no parasitoid was releasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province”
e1“all parasitoid release treatments were successful in reducing the densities of the host B . tabaci relative to the control in which no parasitoid was released”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined release of two parasitoid species gave the highest control effect among the treatments on cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- combined release of two parasitoid speciese2
- Interactor
- B . tabaciBemisia tabacie1pest
- Outcome
- control effecte2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Comparator
- among the treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province”
e1“all parasitoid release treatments were successful in reducing the densities of the host B . tabaci relative to the control in which no parasitoid was released”
e2“The combined release of two parasitoid species showed the highest control effect among the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
E. hayati densities were significantly higher when released alone than in the combined release on cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- E r. hayati alone treatmente3
- Interactor
- E r. hayatie3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- densities of E r. hayatie3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- combined release treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province”
e3“The densities of E r. hayati were significantly higher in the E r. hayati alone treatment than in the combined release treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
E. sophia densities were lower when released alone than in the combined release on cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- E n. sophia alone treatmente4
- Interactor
- E n. sophiae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- densities of E n. sophiae4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- combined release treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province”
e4“while densities of E n. sophia were lower in the E n. sophia alone treatment than in the combined release treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The two parasitoids, E. sophia and E. hayati, showed interspecific competition on cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- E n. sophiae5biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- E r. hayatie5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- interspecific competitione5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province”
e5“Our results demonstrated interspecific competition between autoparasitoid E n. sophia and exotic primary parasitoid E r. hayati”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoparasitoid E. sophia did not disrupt the host suppression achieved by E. hayati on cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- E n. sophiae6biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- E r. hayatie6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- host suppressione6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“released in field cages on cotton in H ebei province”
e6“However, no evidence indicated that autoparasitoid E n. sophia disrupted the host suppression achieved by primary parasitoid E r. hayati”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · Bemisia tabaci · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.