Paper · 1989 · Australian Journal of Plant Physiology

Influence of Water Deficits on the Water Relations and Growth of Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum

DG Conover; SA Sovonick-Dunford

11
claims
19
verbatim quotes
7
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Echinochloa turneriana (Domin) J. M. Black (Channel millet) is a wild grass native to the arid Channel Country of inland Australia, where it is used as forage and hay. In its native habitat flooding induces germination, and the plant can complete its life cycle with this single watering. The present study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms which allow Channel millet to develop from germination to harvest with a single watering. Channel millet's drought resistance was compared with that of Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke (pearl millet), an important drought-resistant crop, and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi (oryzicola), an obligate rice field weed. Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse and under long and short days ifi a growth cabinet. Under long days, control and droughted Channel millet plants flowered before controls of pearl millet and oryzicola. Under long days and droughted conditions in the greenhouse flowering was delayed, and plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number and tiller number were decreased in each species. Active osmotic adjustment under drought was detected in pearl millet by the pressure-volume and expressed sap methods, but was not observed in the other two species. The bulk modulus of elasticity decreased (cell wall elasticity increased) significantly under drought in Channel millet, but not in pearl millet or oryzicola. The apoplastic water volume was about 20% for all species and treatments. This study suggests that Channel millet's rapid development is important in helping the plant to complete its life cycle before the onset of a severe water deficit. Once severe water deficits develop, no osmotic adjustment occurs in Channel millet, and turgor is significantly decreased despite a decrease in the bulk modulus of elasticity.

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Claims 11

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Channel millet flowered earlier under long days than pearl millet and oryzicola, with or without drought.

Taxon
Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae0
Outcome
flowerede1
Direction
beforee1
Qualifier
under long dayse1
Comparator
pearl millet and oryzicolae1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Echinochloa turneriana (Domin) J. M. Black (Channel millet)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–59 · show in text ↑
e1

“Under long days, control and droughted Channel millet plants flowered before controls of pearl millet and oryzicola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 892–1007 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought delayed flowering in the three grasses in the greenhouse under long days.

Taxon
Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
Treatment
droughted conditionse2
Outcome
floweringe3
Direction
delayede3
Comparator
well-watered (control)e2
Setting
greenhousee2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli · TaxonMichael Becker · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–138 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–839 · show in text ↑
e3

“Under long days and droughted conditions in the greenhouse flowering was delayed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1009–1089 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased plant height, shoot dry weight and panicle number in the three grasses.

Taxon
Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
Treatment
droughted conditionse2
Outcome
plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle numbere4
Direction
decreasede4
Comparator
well-watered (control)e2
Setting
greenhousee2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli · TaxonMichael Becker · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–138 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–839 · show in text ↑
e4

“plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number and tiller number were decreased in each species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1190 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased tiller number in the three grasses.

Taxon
Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
Treatment
droughted conditionse2
Outcome
tiller numbere4
Direction
decreasede4
Comparator
well-watered (control)e2
Setting
greenhousee2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli · TaxonMichael Becker · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–138 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plants of each species were grown under well-watered (control) and droughted conditions under long days in a greenhouse”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 720–839 · show in text ↑
e4

“plant height, shoot dry weight, panicle number and tiller number were decreased in each species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1190 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Active osmotic adjustment under drought was detected in pearl millet but not in the other two species.

Taxon
pearl milletCenchrus americanuse5
Treatment
droughte5
Outcome
osmotic adjustmente5
Qualifier
not observed in the other two speciese5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e5

“Active osmotic adjustment under drought was detected in pearl millet by the pressure-volume and expressed sap methods, but was not observed in the other two species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1356 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Channel millet shows no osmotic adjustment under severe water deficit.

Taxon
Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae6
Treatment
severe water deficitse6
Outcome
osmotic adjustmente6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“Once severe water deficits develop, no osmotic adjustment occurs in Channel millet, and turgor is significantly decreased despite a decrease in the bulk modulus of elasticity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1756–1930 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought significantly decreased the bulk modulus of elasticity in Channel millet.

Taxon
Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae6
Treatment
droughte6
Outcome
bulk modulus of elasticitye6
Direction
decreasede6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“The bulk modulus of elasticity decreased (cell wall elasticity increased) significantly under drought in Channel millet, but not in pearl millet or oryzicola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1358–1515 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought did not change the bulk modulus of elasticity in pearl millet or oryzicola.

Taxon
pearl millet or oryzicolaCenchrus americanusOryzicolae6
Treatment
droughte6
Outcome
bulk modulus of elasticitye6

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“The bulk modulus of elasticity decreased (cell wall elasticity increased) significantly under drought in Channel millet, but not in pearl millet or oryzicola”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1358–1515 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The apoplastic water volume was about 20% for all three grasses and treatments.

Taxon
Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanumCenchrus americanusEchinochloa crus-galliEchinochloa turnerianat0
Outcome
apoplastic water volumee7
Value
20%e7
Qualifier
for all species and treatmentse7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-galli · TaxonMichael Becker · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Echinochloa turneriana, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Pennisetum americanum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 65–138 · show in text ↑
e7

“The apoplastic water volume was about 20% for all species and treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1517–1589 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Rapid development lets Channel millet complete its life cycle before a severe water deficit.

Taxon
Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae7
Outcome
complete its life cyclee7
Qualifier
before the onset of a severe water deficite7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“This study suggests that Channel millet's rapid development is important in helping the plant to complete its life cycle before the onset of a severe water deficit”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1591–1754 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Turgor of Channel millet decreased significantly under severe water deficit.

Taxon
Channel milletEchinochloa turnerianae6
Treatment
severe water deficitse6
Outcome
turgore6
Direction
decreasede6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Echinochloa turneriana
Echinochloa turneriana · TaxonMark Marathon · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“Once severe water deficits develop, no osmotic adjustment occurs in Channel millet, and turgor is significantly decreased despite a decrease in the bulk modulus of elasticity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1756–1930 · show in text ↑

drought · yield · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results

24 papers: 7 positive, 17 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

20 papers more in this group

See all 24 papers →

drought · phenology · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Results agree

3 papers: 0 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
  2. negative
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.