Abstract
Many bacterial, fungal, and oomycete species secrete necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)-like proteins (NLP) that trigger programmed cell death (PCD) and innate immune responses in dicotyledonous plants. However, how NLP induce such immune responses is not understood. Here, we show that silencing of the MAPKKKα-MEK2-WIPK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade through virus-induced gene silencing compromises hydrogen peroxide accumulation and PCD induced by Nep1(Mo) from Magnaporthe oryzae. WIPK interacts with NbWRKY2, a transcription factor in Nicotiana benthamiana, in vitro and in vivo, suggesting an effector pathway that mediates Nep1(Mo)-induced cell death. Unexpectedly, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae. Expression studies by real-time polymerase chain reaction suggested that the MEK2-WIPK-NbWRKY2 pathway regulated Nep1(Mo)triggered NO accumulation could be partly dependent on nitrate reductase, which was implicated in NO synthesis. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the MAPK cascade is involved in Nep1(Mo)-triggered plant responses and MAPK signaling associated with PCD exhibits shared and distinct components with that for stomatal closure.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing the MAPKKKα-MEK2-WIPK cascade compromised Nep1Mo-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation and programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Treatment
- silencing of the MAPKKKα-MEK2-WIPK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascadee0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee0pathogen - Gene
- MAPKKKα-MEK2-WIPKe0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide accumulation and PCDe0
- Direction
- compromisese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing of the MAPKKKα-MEK2-WIPK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade through virus-induced gene silencing compromises hydrogen peroxide accumulation and PCD induced by Nep1(Mo) from Magnaporthe oryzae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
WIPK interacted with NbWRKY2 in vitro and in vivo.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- WIPKe0
- Outcome
- interacts with NbWRKY2e0
- Setting
- in vitro and in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WIPK interacts with NbWRKY2, a transcription factor in Nicotiana benthamiana, in vitro and in vivo”
Claim · model-written summary
SIPK-silenced plants had impaired Nep1Mo-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silencede0
- Gene
- SIPKe0
- Outcome
- Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbWRKY2-silenced plants had impaired Nep1Mo-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbWRKY2-silencede0
- Gene
- NbWRKY2e0
- Outcome
- Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SIPK silencing decreased Nep1Mo-promoted nitric oxide production in guard cells.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silencede0
- Gene
- SIPKe0
- Outcome
- nitric oxide (NO) productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbWRKY2 silencing decreased Nep1Mo-promoted nitric oxide production in guard cells.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- NbWRKY2-silencede0
- Gene
- NbWRKY2e0
- Outcome
- nitric oxide (NO) productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SIPK silencing reduced Nep1Mo-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silencede0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora nicotianae
Phytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen - Gene
- SIPKe0
- Outcome
- resistance against Phytophthora nicotianaee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
NbWRKY2 silencing reduced Nep1Mo-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Treatment
- NbWRKY2-silencede0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora nicotianaePhytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen
- Gene
- NbWRKY2e0
- Outcome
- resistance against Phytophthora nicotianaee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK)- and NbWRKY2-silenced plants showed impaired Nep1(Mo)-induced stomatal closure, decreased Nep1(Mo)-promoted nitric oxide (NO) production in guard cells, and a reduction in Nep1(Mo)-induced resistance against Phytophthora nicotianae”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The MEK2-WIPK-NbWRKY2 pathway regulating Nep1Mo-triggered NO accumulation may partly depend on nitrate reductase.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- MEK2-WIPK-NbWRKY2e0
- Outcome
- NO accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- could be partly dependent on nitrate reductasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MEK2-WIPK-NbWRKY2 pathway regulated Nep1(Mo)triggered NO accumulation could be partly dependent on nitrate reductase”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Pyricularia oryzae · Nicotiana benthamianaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.