Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+), as a second messenger, is crucial for signal transduction processes during many biotic interactions. We demonstrate that cellular [Ca2+] elevations are early events in the interaction between the plant growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis thaliana. A cell wall extract (CWE) from the fungus promotes the growth of wild-type seedlings but not of seedlings from P. indica-insensitive mutants. The extract and the fungus also induce a similar set of genes in Arabidopsis roots, among them genes with Ca2+ signalling-related functions. The CWE induces a transient cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](cyt)) elevation in the roots of Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, as well as in BY-2 suspension cultures expressing the Ca2+ bioluminescent indicator aequorin. Nuclear Ca2+ transients were also observed in tobacco BY-2 cells. The Ca2+ response was more pronounced in roots than in shoots and involved Ca2+ uptake from the extracellular space as revealed by inhibitor studies. Inhibition of the Ca2+ response by staurosporine and the refractory nature of the Ca2+ elevation suggest that a receptor may be involved. The CWE does not stimulate H2O2 production and the activation of defence gene expression, although it led to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The involvement of MAPK6 in the mutualistic interaction was shown for an mpk6 line, which did not respond to P. indica. Thus, Ca2+ is likely to be an early signalling component in the mutualistic interaction between P. indica and Arabidopsis or tobacco.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
P. indica interaction caused early calcium elevations in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Interactor
- Piriformospora indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- cellular [Ca2+] elevationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cellular [Ca2+] elevations are early events in the interaction between the plant growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica and Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal cell wall extract promoted growth of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings but not insensitive mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- wild-type seedlingse0
- Treatment
- A cell wall extract (CWE)e0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- promotese0
- Comparator
- P. indica-insensitive mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A cell wall extract (CWE) from the fungus promotes the growth of wild-type seedlings but not of seedlings from P. indica-insensitive mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract and fungus induced a similar set of genes in Arabidopsis roots.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- a similar set of genese0
- Qualifier
- genes with Ca2+ signalling-related functionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extract and the fungus also induce a similar set of genes in Arabidopsis roots, among them genes with Ca2+ signalling-related functions”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal extract induced transient cytosolic calcium elevation in Arabidopsis roots.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- CWEe0
- Outcome
- transient cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](cyt)) elevatione0
- Direction
- elevatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CWE induces a transient cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](cyt)) elevation in the roots of Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungal extract induced transient cytosolic calcium elevation in tobacco roots.
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- CWEe0
- Outcome
- transient cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](cyt)) elevatione0
- Direction
- elevatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CWE induces a transient cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+](cyt)) elevation in the roots of Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CWE induced cytosolic and nuclear calcium transients in tobacco BY-2 cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- BY-2 cellse0
- Outcome
- Nuclear Ca2+ transientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as in BY-2 suspension cultures expressing the Ca2+ bioluminescent indicator aequorin. Nuclear Ca2+ transients were also observed in tobacco BY-2 cells”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium response was stronger in roots than shoots and involved extracellular calcium uptake.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- Ca2+ responsee0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Qualifier
- Ca2+ uptake from the extracellular spacee0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca2+ response was more pronounced in roots than in shoots and involved Ca2+ uptake from the extracellular space as revealed by inhibitor studies”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Staurosporine inhibited the calcium response, suggesting a receptor may be involved.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- staurosporinee0
- Outcome
- Ca2+ responsee0
- Direction
- Inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- a receptor may be involvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition of the Ca2+ response by staurosporine and the refractory nature of the Ca2+ elevation suggest that a receptor may be involved”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CWE did not stimulate hydrogen peroxide production or defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- CWEe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 production and the activation of defence gene expressione0
- Direction
- does not stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CWE does not stimulate H2O2 production and the activation of defence gene expression”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CWE led to calcium-dependent MAPK phosphorylation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)e0
- Qualifier
- Ca2+-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it led to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a Ca2+-dependent manner”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The mpk6 line did not respond to P. indica.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- mpk6 linee0
- Interactor
- P. indicaSerendipita indicae0symbiont
- Gene
- MAPK6e0
- Outcome
- mutualistic interactione0
- Direction
- did not responde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The involvement of MAPK6 in the mutualistic interaction was shown for an mpk6 line, which did not respond to P. indica”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · molecular: expression · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →botanical · nutrient: content · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.