Abstract
Sclerotinia flower blight, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields. The spatiotemporal characteristics of epidemics were characterized in five fields over 3 years. Log likelihood tests indicated that the β-binomial distribution fit better than the binomial distribution for 92% of the data sets. The index of dispersion, D, was significantly greater than 1 in 97% of the data sets. The estimated parameters of the slope and intercept terms of the binary power law were 1.631 (standard error [SE] = 0.059) and 0.678 (SE = 0.099), indicating a high degree of aggregation at the individual sampling unit scale. In 69% of the data sets, the magnitude of the first-order autocorrelation coefficient , was significantly greater than 0. In 11 of the 12 epidemics, the monomolecular model provided the best fit, indicative of monocyclic processes. A significant spatial association between apothecia and incidence of Sclerotinia flower blight within the lag of one sampling unit was also quantified. This study suggests that S. sclerotiorum apothecia emergence was closely synchronized with flower development, and epidemics were dominated by localized sources of ascosporic inoculums. This research provides the basis for improved management strategies for Sclerotinia flower blight in pyrethrum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The beta-binomial fit better than binomial for 92% of data sets.
- Taxon
- pyrethrum
Tanacetum cinerariifoliumt0 - Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen - Outcome
- fit bettere0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Comparator
- binomial distributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the β-binomial distribution fit better than the binomial distribution for 92% of the data sets”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Dispersion index D exceeded one significantly in 97% of data sets.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- index of dispersion, De0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 97%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The index of dispersion, D, was significantly greater than 1 in 97% of the data sets”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Binary power law slope was 1.631.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- slopee0
- Value
- 1.631e0
- Qualifier
- standard error [SE] = 0.059e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated parameters of the slope and intercept terms of the binary power law were 1.631 (standard error [SE] = 0.059) and 0.678 (SE = 0.099), indicating a high degree of aggregation at the individual sampling unit scale”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Binary power law intercept was 0.678.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- intercepte0
- Value
- 0.678e0
- Qualifier
- SE = 0.099e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The estimated parameters of the slope and intercept terms of the binary power law were 1.631 (standard error [SE] = 0.059) and 0.678 (SE = 0.099), indicating a high degree of aggregation at the individual sampling unit scale”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”
Claim · model-written summary
First-order autocorrelation was significantly positive in 69% of data sets.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- first-order autocorrelation coefficiente0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 69%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 69% of the data sets, the magnitude of the first-order autocorrelation coefficient , was significantly greater than 0”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The monomolecular model best fit 11 of 12 epidemics.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- best fite0
- Value
- 11 of the 12 epidemicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 11 of the 12 epidemics, the monomolecular model provided the best fit”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Apothecia and flower blight incidence had a significant spatial association within one sampling-unit lag.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia
Sclerotiniae0pathogen - Outcome
- incidence of Sclerotinia flower blighte0
- Qualifier
- within the lag of one sampling unite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant spatial association between apothecia and incidence of Sclerotinia flower blight within the lag of one sampling unit was also quantified”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Apothecia emergence appeared synchronized with flower development.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Organ / stage
- flower developmente0
- Interactor
- S. sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. sclerotiorum apothecia emergencee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. sclerotiorum apothecia emergence was closely synchronized with flower development”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
Claim · model-written summary
Epidemics appeared dominated by localized ascosporic inoculum sources.
- Taxon
- pyrethrumTanacetum cinerariifoliumt0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- epidemicse0
- Qualifier
- localized sources of ascosporic inoculumse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epidemics were dominated by localized sources of ascosporic inoculums”
t0“Perennial Pyrethrum”
e1“caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes substantial losses in Australian pyrethrum fields”