Abstract
We isolated a new pea mutant that was selected on the basis of pale color and elongated internodes in a screen under white light. The mutant was designated pcd1 for phytochrome chromophore deficient. Light-grown pcd1 plants have yellow-green foliage with a reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content and an abnormally high Chl a/Chl b ratio. Etiolated pcd1 seedlings are developmentally insensitive to far-red light, show a reduced response to red light, and have no spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome. The phytochrome A apoprotein is present at the wild-type level in etiolated pcd1 seedlings but is not depleted by red light treatment. Crude phytochrome preparations from etiolated pcd1 tissue also lack spectral activity but can be assembled with phycocyanobilin, an analog of the endogenous phytochrome chromophore phytochromobilin, to yield a difference spectrum characteristic of an apophytochrome-phycocyanobilin adduct. These results indicate that the pcd1-conferred phenotype results from a deficiency in phytochrome chromophore synthesis. Furthermore, etioplast preparations from pcd1 seedlings can metabolize biliverdin (BV) IX[alpha] but not heme to phytochromobilin, indicating that pcd1 plants are severely impaired in their ability to convert heme to BV IX[alpha]. This provides clear evidence that the conversion of heme to BV IX[alpha] is an enzymatic process in higher plants and that it is required for synthesis of the phytochrome chromophore and hence for normal photomorphogenesis.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The pea mutant selected under white light had pale color and elongated internodes.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Material
- pea mutante0
- Outcome
- pale color and elongated internodese0
- Setting
- under white lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We isolated a new pea mutant that was selected on the basis of pale color and elongated internodes in a screen under white light.”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-grown pcd1 plants had yellow-green foliage.
Verbatim
e0“Light-grown pcd1 plants have yellow-green foliage with a reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content and an abnormally high Chl a/Chl b ratio.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-grown pcd1 plants had reduced chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (Chl) contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light-grown pcd1 plants have yellow-green foliage with a reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content and an abnormally high Chl a/Chl b ratio.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Light-grown pcd1 plants had an abnormally high chlorophyll a/b ratio.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Outcome
- Chl a/Chl b ratioe0
- Direction
- abnormally highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light-grown pcd1 plants have yellow-green foliage with a reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content and an abnormally high Chl a/Chl b ratio.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolated pcd1 seedlings were developmentally insensitive to far-red light.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Outcome
- developmentally insensitive to far-red lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Etiolated pcd1 seedlings are developmentally insensitive to far-red light, show a reduced response to red light, and have no spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolated pcd1 seedlings showed a reduced response to red light.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Outcome
- response to red lighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Etiolated pcd1 seedlings are developmentally insensitive to far-red light, show a reduced response to red light, and have no spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolated pcd1 seedlings had no spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Gene
- phytochromee0
- Outcome
- no spectrophotometrically detectable phytochromee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Etiolated pcd1 seedlings are developmentally insensitive to far-red light, show a reduced response to red light, and have no spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochrome A apoprotein was present at wild-type level in etiolated pcd1 seedlings.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Gene
- phytochrome A apoproteine0
- Outcome
- phytochrome A apoproteine0
- Direction
- wild-type levele0
- Comparator
- wild-type levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytochrome A apoprotein is present at the wild-type level in etiolated pcd1 seedlings but is not depleted by red light treatment.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light did not deplete phytochrome A apoprotein in etiolated pcd1 seedlings.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Treatment
- red light treatmente0
- Gene
- phytochrome A apoproteine0
- Outcome
- phytochrome A apoproteine0
- Direction
- not depletede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytochrome A apoprotein is present at the wild-type level in etiolated pcd1 seedlings but is not depleted by red light treatment.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude phytochrome preparations from etiolated pcd1 tissue lacked spectral activity.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Outcome
- spectral activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude phytochrome preparations from etiolated pcd1 tissue also lack spectral activity but can be assembled with phycocyanobilin, an analog of the endogenous phytochrome chromophore phytochromobilin, to yield a difference spectrum characteristic of an apophytochrome-phycocyanobilin adduct.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phycocyanobilin assembly yielded a spectrum characteristic of an apophytochrome-phycocyanobilin adduct in pcd1 preparations.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Treatment
- phycocyanobiline0
- Outcome
- a difference spectrum characteristic of an apophytochrome-phycocyanobilin adducte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude phytochrome preparations from etiolated pcd1 tissue also lack spectral activity but can be assembled with phycocyanobilin, an analog of the endogenous phytochrome chromophore phytochromobilin, to yield a difference spectrum characteristic of an apophytochrome-phycocyanobilin adduct.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
The pcd1 phenotype was attributed to deficient phytochrome chromophore synthesis.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Outcome
- pcd1-conferred phenotypee0
- Qualifier
- a deficiency in phytochrome chromophore synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that the pcd1-conferred phenotype results from a deficiency in phytochrome chromophore synthesis.”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Etioplasts from pcd1 seedlings metabolized biliverdin IX alpha to phytochromobilin.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Organ / stage
- etioplaste0
- Outcome
- metabolize biliverdin (BV) IX[alpha]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“etioplast preparations from pcd1 seedlings can metabolize biliverdin (BV) IX[alpha] but not heme to phytochromobilin”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Etioplasts from pcd1 seedlings could not metabolize heme to phytochromobilin.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Organ / stage
- etioplaste0
- Outcome
- not heme to phytochromobiline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“etioplast preparations from pcd1 seedlings can metabolize biliverdin (BV) IX[alpha] but not heme to phytochromobilin”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
pcd1 plants were severely impaired in converting heme to biliverdin IX alpha.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Material
- pcd1e0
- Outcome
- convert heme to BV IX[alpha]e0
- Direction
- severely impairede0
- Qualifier
- severely impairede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pcd1 plants are severely impaired in their ability to convert heme to BV IX[alpha]”
t0“pea”
Claim · model-written summary
Heme conversion to biliverdin IX alpha was inferred to be enzymatic and required for phytochrome chromophore synthesis and normal photomorphogenesis.
- Taxon
- higher plantsEmbryophytae0
- Outcome
- synthesis of the phytochrome chromophore and hence for normal photomorphogenesise0
- Qualifier
- conversion of heme to BV IX[alpha] is an enzymatic processe0
Verbatim
e0“the conversion of heme to BV IX[alpha] is an enzymatic process in higher plants and that it is required for synthesis of the phytochrome chromophore and hence for normal photomorphogenesis.”
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