Abstract
The most recent estimate of blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota in 1980 exceeded $6 million. Although less than 5% of the sunflower fields in the state received greater than 10% damage in each of four past survey years, as much as 50% of the total state-wide damage occurred in these fields. This loss can be combated with cost-effective control- Successful control requires timely action when blackbirds are in large concentrations. Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage season disperses damage and this can result in compensatory growth by sunflower, whereby yields at harvest are largely unaffected.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated blackbird damage to ripening sunflower in North Dakota in 1980 exceeded $6 million.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Helianthus annuuse0 - Interactor
- blackbird
Turdus merulae0pest - Outcome
- blackbird damagee0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- $6 millione0
- Setting
- North Dakotae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most recent estimate of blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota in 1980 exceeded $6 million.”
Claim · model-written summary
In each of four survey years, less than 5% of North Dakota sunflower fields had greater than 10% blackbird damage.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- blackbirdTurdus merulae1pest
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Value
- less than 5%e0
- Qualifier
- greater than 10% damage in each of four past survey yearse0
- Setting
- North Dakotae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less than 5% of the sunflower fields in the state received greater than 10% damage in each of four past survey years”
e1“blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota”
Claim · model-written summary
Up to 50% of statewide blackbird damage occurred in the sunflower fields with greater than 10% damage.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- blackbirdTurdus merulae1pest
- Outcome
- total state-wide damagee0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- greater than 10% damagee2
- Setting
- North Dakotae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as much as 50% of the total state-wide damage occurred in these fields”
e1“blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in North Dakota”
e2“sunflower fields in the state received greater than 10% damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Successful blackbird control requires timely action when birds are concentrated.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus)Helianthus annuuse1
- Interactor
- blackbirdsTurdus merulae0pest
- Outcome
- timely action when blackbirds are in large concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Successful control requires timely action when blackbirds are in large concentrations.”
e1“blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Frightening blackbirds early in the damage season disperses damage across sunflower fields.
- Taxon
- sunflower (Helianthus annuus)Helianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage seasone0
- Interactor
- blackbirdsTurdus merulae0pest
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- dispersese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage season disperses damage”
e1“blackbird damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dispersing damage by frightening blackbirds early can allow compensatory sunflower growth and largely unaffected yields at harvest.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage seasone0
- Interactor
- blackbirdsTurdus merulae0pest
- Outcome
- yields at harvest are largely unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- compensatory growth by sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Frightening blackbirds from fields early in the damage season disperses damage and this can result in compensatory growth by sunflower, whereby yields at harvest are largely unaffected.”