Abstract
Nine rates of seeding and two row spacings of an oat companion crop were studied in relation to seedling establishment in hay-pasture mixtures at Guelph. Variations in these managements had pronounced effects on establishment in 2 of the 4 years during which the studies were conducted.Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established. Satisfactory stands were obtained under an oat companion crop in 7-inch drills. Reduction of the oat seeding rate from the commonly used rate in Ontario of [Formula: see text] bushels per acre to [Formula: see text] bushels did not reduce oat yields in any of the 3 years in which oat yield data were collected. This seeding rate reduction allowed the establishment of more alfalfa plants with increased seedling vigour and so provides more assurance for stand establishment. Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inches for the [Formula: see text]-bushel oat rate reduced oat yields 14.3 per cent but improved alfalfa stands slightly and increased the vigour of most species. This management might be useful on problem sites and in special situations where high levels of plant population are desired.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Variations in seeding rate and row spacing of an oat companion crop had pronounced effects on seedling establishment in 2 of the 4 years.
- Taxon
- oat companion crope1
- Treatment
- Nine rates of seeding and two row spacingse1
- Outcome
- seedling establishmente1
- Qualifier
- 2 of the 4 yearse2
- Setting
- Guelphe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Nine rates of seeding and two row spacings of an oat companion crop were studied in relation to seedling establishment in hay-pasture mixtures at Guelph”
e2“Variations in these managements had pronounced effects on establishment in 2 of the 4 years during which the studies were conducted”
Claim · model-written summary
Red clover was the most sensitive species to the seeding and row-spacing managements, by number of plants established.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee3 - Outcome
- number of plants establishede3
- Qualifier
- most sensitivee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established”
Claim · model-written summary
Timothy was the most sensitive species to the seeding and row-spacing managements, by number of plants established.
- Taxon
- timothy
Phleum pratensee3 - Outcome
- number of plants establishede3
- Qualifier
- most sensitivee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa was intermediate in sensitivity to the managements, by number of plants established.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae3 - Outcome
- number of plants establishede3
- Qualifier
- intermediatee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established”
Claim · model-written summary
Orchard intermediate was intermediate in sensitivity to the managements, by number of plants established.
Verbatim
e3“Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established”
Claim · model-written summary
Brome grass was the least sensitive species to the managements, by number of plants established.
Verbatim
e3“Species responded differently to the managements with red clover and timothy most sensitive, alfalfa and orchard intermediate, and brome grass least sensitive as assessed by the number of plants established”
Claim · model-written summary
Satisfactory stands were obtained under an oat companion crop sown in 7-inch drills.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae4 - Treatment
- 7-inch drillse4
- Outcome
- Satisfactory standse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Satisfactory stands were obtained under an oat companion crop in 7-inch drills”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing the oat seeding rate did not reduce oat yields in any of the 3 years.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae5
- Treatment
- Reduction of the oat seeding ratee5
- Outcome
- oat yieldse5
- Direction
- did not reducee5
- Qualifier
- in any of the 3 yearse5
- Comparator
- commonly used rate in Ontarioe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Reduction of the oat seeding rate from the commonly used rate in Ontario of [Formula: see text] bushels per acre to [Formula: see text] bushels did not reduce oat yields in any of the 3 years in which oat yield data were collected”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduced oat seeding rate allowed establishment of more alfalfa plants than the commonly used rate.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae6
- Treatment
- seeding rate reductione6
- Outcome
- establishment of more alfalfa plantse6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- commonly used rate in Ontarioe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Reduction of the oat seeding rate from the commonly used rate in Ontario of [Formula: see text] bushels per acre to [Formula: see text] bushels did not reduce oat yields in any of the 3 years in which oat yield data were collected”
e6“This seeding rate reduction allowed the establishment of more alfalfa plants with increased seedling vigour”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduced oat seeding rate increased seedling vigour of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae6
- Treatment
- seeding rate reductione6
- Outcome
- seedling vigoure6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- commonly used rate in Ontarioe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Reduction of the oat seeding rate from the commonly used rate in Ontario of [Formula: see text] bushels per acre to [Formula: see text] bushels did not reduce oat yields in any of the 3 years in which oat yield data were collected”
e6“This seeding rate reduction allowed the establishment of more alfalfa plants with increased seedling vigour”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider oat row spacing (14 inches) slightly improved alfalfa stands compared with 7-inch spacing.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae7
- Treatment
- Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inchese7
- Outcome
- alfalfa standse7
- Direction
- improvede7
- Qualifier
- slightlye7
- Comparator
- 7 inchese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inches for the [Formula: see text]-bushel oat rate reduced oat yields 14.3 per cent but improved alfalfa stands slightly and increased the vigour of most species”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider oat row spacing (14 inches) reduced oat yields by 14.3 per cent compared with 7-inch spacing.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae7
- Treatment
- Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inchese7
- Outcome
- oat yieldse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 14.3 per cente7
- Comparator
- 7 inchese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inches for the [Formula: see text]-bushel oat rate reduced oat yields 14.3 per cent but improved alfalfa stands slightly and increased the vigour of most species”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider oat row spacing (14 inches) increased seedling vigour of most forage species compared with 7-inch spacing.
Verbatim
e7“Increasing the oat row spacing from 7 inches to 14 inches for the [Formula: see text]-bushel oat rate reduced oat yields 14.3 per cent but improved alfalfa stands slightly and increased the vigour of most species”
Claim · model-written summary
Wider oat row spacing may be useful on problem sites and where high plant population is desired.
Verbatim
e1“Nine rates of seeding and two row spacings of an oat companion crop were studied in relation to seedling establishment in hay-pasture mixtures at Guelph”
e7“This management might be useful on problem sites and in special situations where high levels of plant population are desired”
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