Abstract
Effects of annual spraying of copper (Cu) fungicide by cocoa farmers in Nigeria needs immediate investigation to avoid copper toxicity which will affect uptake of other essential nutrients for plant growth. Laboratory and Screenhouse studies were carried out to investigate the effects of Cu application on availability of P, Zn, Fe and growth of maize. In the laboratory, copper was applied as CuSO4 at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg Cu kg-1 to 100 g soil and left for 5 weeks for equilibration while in the Screenhouse, the same rate of Cu was thoroughly mixed with 1 kg soil in a plastic container. Maize was used as the test crop and growth parameters were monitored. Soil and tissue samples were analysed for Cu, P, Zn and Fe at the end of Laboratory and Screenhouse experiments. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance; differences in means were tested using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results from Laboratory and Screenhouse experiments showed significant decrease in soil available P, Zn and Fe as rates of Cu increase over control experiment. The effect was more pronounced at application rate above 20 mg Cu kg-1. Gradual decrease in maize plant height, stem girth, leaf areas index, P, Zn and Fe uptake were observed as rate of Cu application increased. For instant, at application rate of 10 and 20 mgkg-1, available P uptake was 5.49 mg/pot and 3.08 mg/pot respectively. The negative impact of Cu accumulation on available P was consistent in all the experiments. The result of the experiment clearly revealed strong negative impact of excess Cu on availabilities and uptake of P, Zn and Fe in soil. Key words: Copper, fungicides, application rate, Screenhouse, nutrients.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing copper rates significantly decreased soil available P, Zn and Fe relative to control.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results from Laboratory and Screenhouse experiments showed significant decrease in soil available P, Zn and Fe as rates of Cu increase over control experiment”
e1“Maize was used as the test crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The copper effect on soil nutrients was more pronounced above 20 mg Cu kg-1.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect was more pronounced at application rate above 20 mg Cu kg-1”
e1“Maize was used as the test crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize plant height, stem girth and leaf areas index gradually decreased as copper application increased.
- Treatment
- Cu applicatione0
- Outcome
- maize plant height, stem girth, leaf areas indexe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gradual decrease in maize plant height, stem girth, leaf areas index, P, Zn and Fe uptake were observed as rate of Cu application increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize P, Zn and Fe uptake gradually decreased with increasing copper application.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gradual decrease in maize plant height, stem girth, leaf areas index, P, Zn and Fe uptake were observed as rate of Cu application increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Available P uptake was 5.49 mg/pot at 10 mgkg-1 copper application.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at application rate of 10 and 20 mgkg-1, available P uptake was 5.49 mg/pot and 3.08 mg/pot respectively”
e1“Maize was used as the test crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Available P uptake was 3.08 mg/pot at 20 mgkg-1 copper application.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at application rate of 10 and 20 mgkg-1, available P uptake was 5.49 mg/pot and 3.08 mg/pot respectively”
e1“Maize was used as the test crop”
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