Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plants grown under iron deficiency show different morphological, biochemical and physiological changes. These changes include, among others, the elicitation of different strategies to improve the acquisition of Fe from the rhizosphere, the adjustment of Fe homeostasis processes and a reorganization of carbohydrate metabolism. The application of modern techniques that allow the simultaneous and untargeted analysis of multiple proteins and metabolites can provide insight into multiple processes taking place in plants under Fe deficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes induced in the root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants in response to Fe deficiency and resupply. RESULTS: Root tip extract proteome maps were obtained by 2-D isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and approximately 140 spots were detected. Iron deficiency resulted in changes in the relative amounts of 61 polypeptides, and 22 of them were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Metabolites in root tip extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-MS, and more than 300 metabolites were resolved. Out of 77 identified metabolites, 26 changed significantly with Fe deficiency. Iron deficiency induced increases in the relative amounts of proteins and metabolites associated to glycolysis, tri-carboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration, confirming previous studies. Furthermore, a protein not present in Fe-sufficient roots, dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL) synthase, was present in high amounts in root tips from Fe-deficient sugar beet plants and gene transcript levels were higher in Fe-deficient root tips. Also, a marked increase in the relative amounts of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) was observed in Fe-deficient plants, and a further increase in these compounds occurred upon short term Fe resupply. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in DMRL synthase and in RFO sugars were the major changes induced by Fe deficiency and resupply in root tips of sugar beet plants. Flavin synthesis could be involved in Fe uptake, whereas RFO sugars could be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress, C trafficking or cell signalling. Our data also confirm the increase in proteins and metabolites related to carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle pathways.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Root tip proteome maps detected about 140 spots.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1 - Outcome
- spotse0
- Value
- approximately 140 spotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“approximately 140 spots were detected”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency changed relative amounts of 61 polypeptides.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- relative amounts of 61 polypeptidese0
- Direction
- changese0
- Value
- 61 polypeptidese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency resulted in changes in the relative amounts of 61 polypeptides”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mass spectrometry identified 22 changed polypeptides.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- identified by mass spectrometry (MS)e0
- Value
- 22e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“22 of them were identified by mass spectrometry (MS)”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
e2“polypeptides”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolite analysis resolved more than 300 root tip metabolites.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- metabolites were resolvede0
- Value
- more than 300 metabolitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 300 metabolites were resolved”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency significantly changed 26 of 77 identified metabolites.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Fe deficiencye0
- Outcome
- identified metabolitese0
- Direction
- changede0
- Value
- 26e0
- Qualifier
- 77 identified metabolitese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Out of 77 identified metabolites, 26 changed significantly with Fe deficiency”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency increased proteins and metabolites associated with glycolysis, TCA cycle and anaerobic respiration.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Iron deficiencye0
- Outcome
- relative amounts of proteins and metabolites associated to glycolysis, tri-carboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiratione0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency induced increases in the relative amounts of proteins and metabolites associated to glycolysis, tri-carboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DMRL synthase was abundant in iron deficient root tips but absent from iron sufficient roots.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Fe-deficiente0
- Gene
- dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL) synthasee0
- Outcome
- present in high amounts in root tipse0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficient rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a protein not present in Fe-sufficient roots, dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL) synthase, was present in high amounts in root tips from Fe-deficient sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
DMRL synthase transcript levels were higher in iron deficient root tips.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Fe-deficiente0
- Gene
- dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL) synthasee2
- Outcome
- gene transcript levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene transcript levels were higher in Fe-deficient root tips”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
e2“dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL) synthase”
Claim · model-written summary
Raffinose family oligosaccharides increased markedly under iron deficiency.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Fe-deficiente0
- Outcome
- relative amounts of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a marked increase in the relative amounts of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) was observed in Fe-deficient plants”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Short term iron resupply further increased raffinose family oligosaccharides.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- short term Fe resupplye0
- Outcome
- raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs)e2
- Direction
- further increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a further increase in these compounds occurred upon short term Fe resupply”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
e2“raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavin synthesis might contribute to iron uptake.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- Fe uptakee0
- Qualifier
- Flavin synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flavin synthesis could be involved in Fe uptake”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
Claim · model-written summary
RFO sugars might alleviate oxidative stress, traffic carbon or signal in cells.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Outcome
- alleviation of oxidative stress, C trafficking or cell signallinge0
- Qualifier
- RFO sugarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“RFO sugars could be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress, C trafficking or cell signalling”
e1“root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · molecular: metabolites · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →iron atom · physiology: respiration · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
This paper is about lacking the nutrient, so it counts the other way round here.
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.