Abstract
Tall ironweed is a troublesome perennial weed that infests cool-season grass pastures in Kentucky. Field experiments were conducted in 2000 through 2003 to evaluate the efficacy of fall-applied herbicides on established tall ironweed following a midsummer mowing. Triclopyr-containing treatments showed the greatest suppression of tall ironweed 12 mo after treatment (MAT), across all years. With triclopyr at 0.56 and 0.63 kg/ha, tall ironweed control was 80% or greater in 2 of the 3 yr. Dicamba initially provided 87% control 8 MAT in 2 of 3 yr and declined to less than 60% 12 MAT. Tall ironweed shoot density was also reduced 66% or more 12 MAT with fall-applied triclopyr-containing treatments. In contrast, tall ironweed density increased approximately twofold in dicamba-treated plots between 8 to 12 MAT in all 3 yr. The impact of herbicide treatment on dry matter (DM) yield of spring-seeded red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), tall ironweed, and forage grasses was also evaluated. Red clover DM yield in the herbicide-treated plots in 2002 showed no significant differences from the untreated control. However, red clover DM yield in 2003 was lowest for the two triclopyr + clopyralid treatments, indicating a decrease in DM production compared with that of the nontreated control. Results indicated that fall-applied triclopyr-containing herbicides following a midsummer mowing is an effective program for removing tall ironweed from grass pastures, but further research is needed to evaluate the establishment of red clover following herbicide treatment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr treatments most suppressed ironweed after 12 months.
- Taxon
- tall ironweede0
- Treatment
- Triclopyr-containing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- suppression of tall ironweede0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- 12 mo after treatment (MAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triclopyr-containing treatments showed the greatest suppression of tall ironweed 12 mo after treatment (MAT), across all years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr at two rates controlled ironweed at least 80% in two of three years.
- Taxon
- tall ironweede0
- Treatment
- triclopyr at 0.56 and 0.63 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- tall ironweed controle0
- Value
- 80% or greatere0
- Qualifier
- 2 of the 3 yre0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“With triclopyr at 0.56 and 0.63 kg/ha, tall ironweed control was 80% or greater in 2 of the 3 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba provided 87% control at eight months in two years.
- Taxon
- Tall Ironweedt0
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- providede0
- Value
- 87%e0
- Qualifier
- 8 MAT in 2 of 3 yre0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba initially provided 87% control 8 MAT in 2 of 3 yr”
t0“Tall Ironweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Dicamba control declined below 60% by 12 months.
- Taxon
- Tall Ironweedt0
- Treatment
- Dicambae0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Value
- less than 60%e0
- Qualifier
- 12 MATe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dicamba initially provided 87% control 8 MAT in 2 of 3 yr and declined to less than 60% 12 MAT.”
t0“Tall Ironweed”
Claim · model-written summary
Triclopyr treatments reduced ironweed shoot density at least 66%.
- Taxon
- Tall ironweede0
- Treatment
- fall-applied triclopyr-containing treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Tall ironweed shoot densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 66% or moree0
- Qualifier
- 12 MATe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Tall ironweed shoot density was also reduced 66% or more 12 MAT with fall-applied triclopyr-containing treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ironweed density doubled in dicamba plots from eight to 12 months.
Verbatim
e0“tall ironweed density increased approximately twofold in dicamba-treated plots between 8 to 12 MAT in all 3 yr.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2002, clover dry matter yield did not differ significantly between herbicide plots and control.
- Taxon
- Red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Treatment
- herbicide-treated plotse0
- Outcome
- Red clover DM yielde0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- 2002e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red clover DM yield in the herbicide-treated plots in 2002 showed no significant differences from the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2003, triclopyr plus clopyralid treatments gave lowest clover yield.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Treatment
- triclopyr + clopyralid treatmentse0
- Outcome
- red clover DM yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red clover DM yield in 2003 was lowest for the two triclopyr + clopyralid treatments, indicating a decrease in DM production compared with that of the nontreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude fall triclopyr after mowing effectively removes tall ironweed.
Verbatim
e0“fall-applied triclopyr-containing herbicides following a midsummer mowing is an effective program for removing tall ironweed from grass pastures”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · growth · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.