Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA191 forms N-fixing nodules on the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars (cvs) McCall and Peking, but S. fredii strain USDA257 nodulates only cv Peking. We wondered whether specificity in this system is conditioned by the release of unique flavonoid signals from one of the cultivars or by differential perception of signals by the strains. We isolated flavonoids and used nodC and nolX, which are nod-box-dependent and -independent nod genes, respectively, to determine how signals activate genes in the microsymbionts. Seeds of cv McCall and cv Peking contain the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, as well as their glucosyl and malonylglucosyl glycosides. Roots exude picomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and coumestrol. Amounts are generally higher in cv Peking than in cv McCall, and the presence of rhizobia markedly influences the level of specific signals. Nanomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol induce expression of nodC and nolX in strain USDA257, but the relative nolX-inducing activities of these signals differ in strain USDA191. Glycitein and the conjugates are inactive. Strain USDA257 deglycosylates daidzin and genistin into daidzein and genistein, respectively, thereby converting inactive precursors into active inducers. Although neither soybean cultivar contains unique nod-gene-inducing flavonoids, strain- and cultivar-specific interactions are characterized by distinct patterns of signal release and response.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
USDA191 forms N-fixing nodules on McCall and Peking.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- McCall and Pekinge0
- Interactor
- Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA191
.JPG?width=60)
Sinorhizobium frediie0symbiont - Outcome
- N-fixing nodulese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA191 forms N-fixing nodules on the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars (cvs) McCall and Peking”
Claim · model-written summary
USDA257 nodulates Peking only.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Pekinge0
- Interactor
- S. fredii strain USDA257Sinorhizobium frediie0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodulates only cv Pekinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. fredii strain USDA257 nodulates only cv Peking”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
McCall and Peking seeds contain daidzein, genistein and glycitein and their glycosides.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- McCall and cv Pekinge0
- Organ / stage
- Seedse0
- Outcome
- isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, as well as their glucosyl and malonylglucosyl glycosidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds of cv McCall and cv Peking contain the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein, as well as their glucosyl and malonylglucosyl glycosides”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean roots exude picomolar daidzein, genistein and glycitein.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Outcome
- daidzein, genistein, glyciteine0
- Value
- picomolar concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots exude picomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and coumestrol”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean roots exude picomolar coumestrol.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Outcome
- coumestrole0
- Value
- picomolar concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots exude picomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and coumestrol”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid signal amounts are generally higher in Peking than McCall.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- cv Pekinge0
- Outcome
- Flavonoidst0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- cv McCalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amounts are generally higher in cv Peking than in cv McCall”
t0“Release of Flavonoids by the Soybean Cultivars McCall and Peking”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia markedly influence levels of specific signals.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- level of specific signalse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of rhizobia markedly influences the level of specific signals”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Daidzein, genistein and coumestrol induce nodC and nolX expression in USDA257.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Nanomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, and coumestrole0
- Interactor
- strain USDA257e0symbiont
- Gene
- nodC and nolXe0
- Outcome
- expression of nodC and nolXe0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nanomolar concentrations of daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol induce expression of nodC and nolX in strain USDA257”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative nolX induction by the signals differs in USDA191.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- strain USDA191e0symbiont
- Gene
- nolXe0
- Outcome
- relative nolX-inducing activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative nolX-inducing activities of these signals differ in strain USDA191”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycitein and the conjugates are inactive signals.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Glycitein and the conjugates are inactivee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glycitein and the conjugates are inactive”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
USDA257 converts daidzin and genistin to active daidzein and genistein.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Strain USDA257e0symbiont
- Outcome
- converting inactive precursors into active inducerse0
- Qualifier
- deglycosylates daidzin and genistin into daidzein and genisteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain USDA257 deglycosylates daidzin and genistin into daidzein and genistein, respectively, thereby converting inactive precursors into active inducers”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither soybean cultivar contains unique nod-gene-inducing flavonoids.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- unique nod-gene-inducing flavonoidse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither soybean cultivar contains unique nod-gene-inducing flavonoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain and cultivar interactions exhibit distinct signal-release and response patterns.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- distinct patterns of signal release and responsee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strain- and cultivar-specific interactions are characterized by distinct patterns of signal release and response”
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
genistein · molecular: expression · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · molecular: expression · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.