Abstract
Flax is in the process of development as a crop for bio-industrial and nutraceutical products predicated on the use of genetic modification. Before genetically modified (GM) flax is commercially released, effective management practices should be developed to minimize adventitious presence (AP) of GM volunteer flax in subsequent crops. Field research was conducted at four locations during 2007 and 2008 in central Alberta to quantify and mitigate AP of volunteer flax in glufosinate-resistant (GR) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) canola. A single preplant application of glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha −1 in GR canola reduced volunteer flax density from 54 to 3 plants m −2 and seed production from 5,963 to 233 seeds m −2 . Similarly, the recommended rate of POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha −1 ) alone effectively controlled volunteer flax and reduced flax seed viability to < 8% and AP to 0.2%. A combination of preplant (glyphosate) and POST (glufosinate) at recommended rates reduced volunteer flax seed production, yield, and AP to near zero in GR canola. Glyphosate applied preplant was equally effective in IR canola, reducing volunteer flax density from 56 to 2 plants m −2 , and seed production from 5,571 to 472 seeds m −2 . Imazamox + imazethapyr applied POST at all the rates poorly controlled volunteer flax and, even in combination with preplant glyphosate, cannot be recommended for control of flax volunteers in IR canola.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant glyphosate reduced volunteer flax density in GR canola from 54 to 3 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Material
- GRe0
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha −1e0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer flax densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3 plants m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A single preplant application of glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha −1 in GR canola reduced volunteer flax density from 54 to 3 plants m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant glyphosate reduced volunteer flax seed production in GR canola from 5,963 to 233 seeds m −2.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha −1e1
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe1weed
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 233 seeds m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed production from 5,963 to 233 seeds m −2”
e1“A single preplant application of glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha −1 in GR canola reduced volunteer flax density”
Claim · model-written summary
POST glufosinate reduced volunteer flax seed viability to < 8% in GR canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- flax seed viabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- < 8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha −1 ) alone effectively controlled volunteer flax and reduced flax seed viability to < 8% and AP to 0.2%”
t0“Adventitious Presence: Volunteer Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in Herbicide-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
POST glufosinate reduced adventitious presence to 0.2% in GR canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha −1 )e0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- APe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 0.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha −1 ) alone effectively controlled volunteer flax and reduced flax seed viability to < 8% and AP to 0.2%”
t0“Adventitious Presence: Volunteer Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in Herbicide-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined preplant glyphosate and POST glufosinate reduced volunteer flax seed production, yield, and AP to near zero in GR canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- preplant (glyphosate) and POST (glufosinate)e0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer flax seed production, yield, and APe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- near zeroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of preplant (glyphosate) and POST (glufosinate) at recommended rates reduced volunteer flax seed production, yield, and AP to near zero in GR canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant glyphosate reduced volunteer flax density in IR canola from 56 to 2 plants m −2.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied preplante0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer flax densitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 2 plants m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied preplant was equally effective in IR canola, reducing volunteer flax density from 56 to 2 plants m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant glyphosate reduced volunteer flax seed production in IR canola from 5,571 to 472 seeds m −2.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate applied preplante0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- seed productione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 472 seeds m −2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate applied preplant was equally effective in IR canola, reducing volunteer flax density from 56 to 2 plants m −2 , and seed production from 5,571 to 472 seeds m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
POST imazamox plus imazethapyr poorly controlled volunteer flax in IR canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Imazamox + imazethapyr applied POSTe0
- Interactor
- volunteer flaxe0weed
- Outcome
- volunteer flaxe0
- Direction
- poorly controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imazamox + imazethapyr applied POST at all the rates poorly controlled volunteer flax”
t0“Adventitious Presence: Volunteer Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in Herbicide-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors do not recommend POST imazamox plus imazethapyr, even with preplant glyphosate, for controlling volunteer flax in IR canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Treatment
- preplant glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- flax volunteerse0weed
- Outcome
- control of flax volunteerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“even in combination with preplant glyphosate, cannot be recommended for control of flax volunteers in IR canola”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →glufosinate · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
glufosinate · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
glyphosate · organism · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Imazethapyr · organism · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
imazamox · organism · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.