Abstract
The stress tolerance responses of two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86) exposed to various doses (40, 80, 160 and 320 min) of artificial ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiation were investigated. The seed germination of Giza 86 was promoted at 40 min, but substantially inhibited at 80 and 160 min and completely suppressed at 320 min. However, the seed germination of Giza 45 was progressively inhibited by UV-A exposure and ceased at 160 min, so doses of 40 and 80 min were selected for further studies. In contrast to seed germination, the seedling growth of Giza 86 was negatively affected at 40 min. UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45. It also decreased the chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, coupled with an increase in the Chl a/b ratio, diminished the Hill reaction activity, and quenched the Chl a fluorescence both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side) as well as on the electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side). These changes reflect a disturbance in the structure, composition and function of the photosynthetic apparatus as well as the sensitivity of PSII to UV-A stress. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were markedly damaged by exposure to UV-A for 80 min, while both cultivars developed adaptive mechanisms for damage moderation. These mechanisms involved increasing the levels of flavonoids, total lipids and total soluble proteins as well as having smaller, thicker leaf blades. Since Giza 86 showed a comparatively higher level of adaptation, it tolerates UV-A stress better than Giza 45. Abbreviations: Car, carotenoids; Chl, chlorophyll; DCMU, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; DCPIP, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; d.m., dry mass; f.m., fresh mass; PSII, photosystem II; RNA, ribonucleic acid; TSP, total soluble proteins; UV-AR, ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiation.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A radiation at 40 min promoted seed germination of Giza 86 cotton.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Material
- Giza 86e2
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiatione1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Qualifier
- at 40 mine2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e1“artificial ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiation”
e2“The seed germination of Giza 86 was promoted at 40 min, but substantially inhibited at 80 and 160 min and completely suppressed at 320 min”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A radiation at 80 and 160 min substantially inhibited seed germination of Giza 86 cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- Giza 86e2
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiatione1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- at 80 and 160 mine2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e1“artificial ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiation”
e2“The seed germination of Giza 86 was promoted at 40 min, but substantially inhibited at 80 and 160 min and completely suppressed at 320 min”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A radiation at 320 min completely suppressed seed germination of Giza 86 cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- Giza 86e2
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiatione1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- completely suppressede2
- Qualifier
- at 320 mine2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e1“artificial ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiation”
e2“The seed germination of Giza 86 was promoted at 40 min, but substantially inhibited at 80 and 160 min and completely suppressed at 320 min”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A exposure progressively inhibited seed germination of Giza 45 cotton and stopped it at 160 min.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- Giza 45e3
- Treatment
- UV-A exposuree3
- Outcome
- seed germinatione3
- Direction
- progressively inhibitede3
- Qualifier
- ceased at 160 mine3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e3“the seed germination of Giza 45 was progressively inhibited by UV-A exposure and ceased at 160 min”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A radiation at 40 min negatively affected seedling growth of Giza 86 cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- Giza 86e4
- Treatment
- ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiatione1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe4
- Direction
- negatively affectede4
- Qualifier
- at 40 mine4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e1“artificial ultraviolet-A (366 nm) radiation”
e4“the seedling growth of Giza 86 was negatively affected at 40 min”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress greatly reduced leaf carbohydrates in both cotton cultivars.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- leaf carbohydratese5
- Direction
- reductione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress reduced viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cotton cultivars.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- viability and dry mass production of the shootse5
- Direction
- reductione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
Claim · model-written summary
The UV-A response was comparatively higher in Giza 45 cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- Giza 45e5
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- responsee5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress decreased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contentse6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e6“It also decreased the chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, coupled with an increase in the Chl a/b ratio, diminished the Hill reaction activity, and quenched the Chl a fluorescence both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side) as well as on the electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress increased the Chl a/b ratio in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- Chl a/b ratioe6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e6“It also decreased the chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, coupled with an increase in the Chl a/b ratio, diminished the Hill reaction activity, and quenched the Chl a fluorescence both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side) as well as on the electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress diminished Hill reaction activity in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- Hill reaction activitye6
- Direction
- diminishede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e6“It also decreased the chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, coupled with an increase in the Chl a/b ratio, diminished the Hill reaction activity, and quenched the Chl a fluorescence both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side) as well as on the electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress quenched Chl a fluorescence in cotton, with and without DCMU.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- Chl a fluorescencee6
- Direction
- quenchede6
- Qualifier
- both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylureae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e6“It also decreased the chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, coupled with an increase in the Chl a/b ratio, diminished the Hill reaction activity, and quenched the Chl a fluorescence both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side) as well as on the electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A stress appears to inhibit the water-splitting system (donor side) and electron transport to the secondary acceptors of PSII in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side)e6
- Qualifier
- electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e6“It also decreased the chorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents, coupled with an increase in the Chl a/b ratio, diminished the Hill reaction activity, and quenched the Chl a fluorescence both in the presence and absence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the water-splitting system (donor side) as well as on the electron transport from the primary to the secondary acceptors of PSII (acceptor side)”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-A exposure for 80 min markedly damaged nucleic acids in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-A for 80 mine7
- Outcome
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)e7
- Direction
- markedly damagede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e7“Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were markedly damaged by exposure to UV-A for 80 min”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cotton cultivars under UV-A stress increased levels of flavonoids, total lipids and total soluble proteins.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- levels of flavonoids, total lipids and total soluble proteinse2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e2“These mechanisms involved increasing the levels of flavonoids, total lipids and total soluble proteins as well as having smaller, thicker leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cotton cultivars under UV-A stress developed smaller, thicker leaf blades.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse5
- Outcome
- leaf bladese2
- Direction
- smaller, thickere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e5“UV-A stress induced a great reduction in the leaf carbohydrates as well as in the viability and dry mass production of the shoots of both cultivars, but the response was comparatively higher in Giza 45”
e2“These mechanisms involved increasing the levels of flavonoids, total lipids and total soluble proteins as well as having smaller, thicker leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
Giza 86 cotton tolerates UV-A stress better than Giza 45.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- Giza 86e3
- Treatment
- UV-A stresse3
- Outcome
- tolerates UV-A stresse3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- Giza 45e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two Egyptian cotton cultivars (Giza 45 and 86)”
e3“Since Giza 86 showed a comparatively higher level of adaptation, it tolerates UV-A stress better than Giza 45”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.