Abstract
Because of the development of glyphosate-resistant weed species, the lack of new herbicide chemistry, and the late-season emergence of annual grass species, efforts are underway to expand the use of currently available herbicides for use in cotton. Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning. Oil- and water-based pendimethalin formulations as well as S -metolachlor were applied to cotton that had four true leaves. All pendimethalin and S -metolachlor applications included glyphosate for broad-spectrum weed control. Pendimethalin formulation and application rate had no effect on seed-cotton partitioning to horizontal fruiting zones, on second- or third-position horizontal fruiting sites, or on monopodial branches. However, increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance was observed when the water-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at rates of 1.7 kg ai/ha and higher as well as when the oil-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at 3.3 kg ai/ha. Application of water-based pendimethalin at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha and oil-based pendimethalin at rates of 0.8, 1.7, and 3.3 kg ai/ha resulted in reduced seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check. POST application of S -metolachlor had no effect on fruit partitioning to horizontal fruiting positions or vertical fruiting zones. Minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes were observed from application of glyphosate, pendimethalin, and S -metolachlor. However, no differences in seed-cotton yield were observed from application of glyphosate, S -metolachlor, or pendimethalin, regardless of formulation or application rate. POST pendimethalin application at rates less than 1.7 kg ai/ha is relatively safe and should provide cotton producers with an additional tool for herbicide-resistant weeds and late-season annual grasses.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin formulation and application rate had no effect on seed-cotton partitioning to horizontal fruiting zones, second- or third-position horizontal fruiting sites, or monopodial branches.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Pendimethalin formulation and application ratee1
- Outcome
- seed-cotton partitioning to horizontal fruiting zonese1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e1“Pendimethalin formulation and application rate had no effect on seed-cotton partitioning to horizontal fruiting zones, on second- or third-position horizontal fruiting sites, or on monopodial branches”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-based pendimethalin formulation at 1.7 kg ai/ha and higher increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- water-based pendimethalin formulatione2
- Outcome
- seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominancee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 1.7 kg ai/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e2“increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance was observed when the water-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at rates of 1.7 kg ai/ha and higher”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-based pendimethalin formulation at 3.3 kg ai/ha increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- oil-based pendimethalin formulatione3
- Outcome
- seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominancee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 3.3 kg ai/hae3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e3“increased seed-cotton partitioned to plants that had lost apical dominance was observed when the water-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at rates of 1.7 kg ai/ha and higher as well as when the oil-based pendimethalin formulation was applied at 3.3 kg ai/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-based pendimethalin at 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha reduced seed-cotton at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- water-based pendimethaline4
- Outcome
- seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sitese4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/hae4
- Comparator
- untreated checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e4“Application of water-based pendimethalin at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha and oil-based pendimethalin at rates of 0.8, 1.7, and 3.3 kg ai/ha resulted in reduced seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil-based pendimethalin at 0.8, 1.7 and 3.3 kg ai/ha reduced seed-cotton at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- oil-based pendimethaline4
- Outcome
- seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sitese4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 0.8, 1.7, and 3.3 kg ai/hae4
- Comparator
- untreated checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e4“Application of water-based pendimethalin at rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ai/ha and oil-based pendimethalin at rates of 0.8, 1.7, and 3.3 kg ai/ha resulted in reduced seed-cotton located at position 1 fruiting sites compared with the untreated check”
Claim · model-written summary
POST application of S-metolachlor had no effect on fruit partitioning to horizontal fruiting positions or vertical fruiting zones.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- POST application of S -metolachlore6
- Outcome
- fruit partitioning to horizontal fruiting positions or vertical fruiting zonese6
- Direction
- had no effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e6“POST application of S -metolachlor had no effect on fruit partitioning to horizontal fruiting positions or vertical fruiting zones”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of glyphosate caused minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee7
- Outcome
- seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodese7
- Qualifier
- Minor differencese7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e7“Minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes were observed from application of glyphosate, pendimethalin, and S -metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of pendimethalin caused minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline7
- Outcome
- seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodese7
- Qualifier
- Minor differencese7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e7“Minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes were observed from application of glyphosate, pendimethalin, and S -metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of S-metolachlor caused minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore7
- Outcome
- seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodese7
- Qualifier
- Minor differencese7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e7“Minor differences in seed-cotton partitioning to cohorts and individual fruiting nodes were observed from application of glyphosate, pendimethalin, and S -metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate application produced no change in seed-cotton yield, regardless of formulation or rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- seed-cotton yielde1
- Direction
- no differencese1
- Qualifier
- regardless of formulation or application ratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e1“no differences in seed-cotton yield were observed from application of glyphosate, S -metolachlor, or pendimethalin, regardless of formulation or application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
S-metolachlor application produced no change in seed-cotton yield, regardless of formulation or rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- S -metolachlore1
- Outcome
- seed-cotton yielde1
- Direction
- no differencese1
- Qualifier
- regardless of formulation or application ratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e1“no differences in seed-cotton yield were observed from application of glyphosate, S -metolachlor, or pendimethalin, regardless of formulation or application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin application produced no change in seed-cotton yield, regardless of formulation or rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline1
- Outcome
- seed-cotton yielde1
- Direction
- no differencese1
- Qualifier
- regardless of formulation or application ratee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“evaluate the effect of POST-applied pendimethalin formulation and application rate on cotton fruit partitioning”
e1“no differences in seed-cotton yield were observed from application of glyphosate, S -metolachlor, or pendimethalin, regardless of formulation or application rate”
Claim · model-written summary
POST pendimethalin at rates below 1.7 kg ai/ha is relatively safe and should give cotton producers an additional tool for herbicide-resistant weeds and late-season annual grasses.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- POST pendimethalin applicatione1
- Outcome
- relatively safee1
- Value
- less than 1.7 kg ai/hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“POST pendimethalin application at rates less than 1.7 kg ai/ha is relatively safe and should provide cotton producers with an additional tool for herbicide-resistant weeds and late-season annual grasses”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · phenology · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pendimethalin · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →glyphosate · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →metolachlor · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.