Abstract
Abstract High concentrations of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and aluminium (Al) induced in waterlogged acid soils are a potential constraint for growing sensitive wheat cultivars in waterlogged‐prone areas of Western Australian wheat‐belt. Tackling induced ion toxicities by a genetic approach requires a good understanding of the existing variability in ion toxicity tolerance of the current wheat germplasm. A bioassay for tolerance to high concentration of Mn in wheat was developed using Norquay (Mn‐tolerant), Columbus (Mn‐intolerant), and Cascades (moderately tolerant) as control genotypes and a range of MnCl 2 concentrations (2, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, and 3000 μM Mn) at pH 4.8 in a nutrient solution. Increasing solution Mn concentration decreased shoot and root dry weight and intensified the development of toxicity symptoms more in the Mn‐intolerant cv. Columbus than in Norquay and Cascades. The genotypic discrimination based on relative shoot (54% to 79%) and root dry weight (17% to 76%), the development of toxicity symptoms (scores 2 to 4) and the shoot Mn concentration (1428 to 2960 mg kg –1 ) was most pronounced at 750 μM Mn. Using this concentration to screen 60 Australian and 6 wheat genotypes from other sources, a wide variation in relative root dry weight (11% to 95%), relative shoot dry weight (31% to 91%), toxicity symptoms (1.5 to 4.5), and shoot Mn concentration (901 to 2695 mg kg –1 ) were observed. Evidence suggests that Mn tolerance has been introduced into Australian wheat through CIMMYT germplasm having “LERMO‐ROJO” within their parentage, preserved either through a co‐tolerance to Mn deficiency or a process of passive selection for Mn tolerance. Cultivars Westonia and Krichauff expressed a high level of tolerance to both Mn toxicity and deficiency, whereas Trident and Janz (reputed to be tolerant to Mn deficiency) were intolerant to Mn toxicity, suggesting that tolerance to excess and shortage of Mn are different, but not mutually exclusive traits. The co‐tolerance for Mn and Al in ET8 (an Al‐tolerant near‐isogenic line) and the absence of Mn tolerance in BH1146 (an Al‐tolerant genotype from Brazil) limits the effectiveness of these indicator genotypes to environments where only one constraint is induced. Wide variation of Mn tolerance in Australian wheat cultivars will enable breeding genotypes for the genetic solution to the Mn toxicity problem.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rising solution Mn reduced shoot and root dry weight more in Columbus than Norquay and Cascades.
- Material
- Columbuse0
- Treatment
- Increasing solution Mn concentratione0
- Outcome
- shoot and root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- Norquay and Cascadese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Increasing solution Mn concentration decreased shoot and root dry weight and intensified the development of toxicity symptoms more in the Mn‐intolerant cv. Columbus than in Norquay and Cascades.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rising Mn intensified toxicity symptoms more in Columbus than the other controls.
- Material
- Columbuse0
- Treatment
- Increasing solution Mn concentratione0
- Outcome
- toxicity symptomse0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
- Comparator
- Norquay and Cascadese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Increasing solution Mn concentration decreased shoot and root dry weight and intensified the development of toxicity symptoms more in the Mn‐intolerant cv. Columbus than in Norquay and Cascades.”
Claim · model-written summary
The bioassay most clearly distinguished genotypes at 750 μM Mn.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The genotypic discrimination based on relative shoot (54% to 79%) and root dry weight (17% to 76%), the development of toxicity symptoms (scores 2 to 4) and the shoot Mn concentration (1428 to 2960 mg kg –1 ) was most pronounced at 750 μM Mn.”
Claim · model-written summary
The screened wheat genotypes varied widely in relative root dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- relative root dry weighte0
- Value
- 11% to 95%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using this concentration to screen 60 Australian and 6 wheat genotypes from other sources, a wide variation in relative root dry weight (11% to 95%), relative shoot dry weight (31% to 91%), toxicity symptoms (1.5 to 4.5), and shoot Mn concentration (901 to 2695 mg kg –1 ) were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The screened wheat genotypes varied widely in relative shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- relative shoot dry weighte0
- Value
- 31% to 91%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using this concentration to screen 60 Australian and 6 wheat genotypes from other sources, a wide variation in relative root dry weight (11% to 95%), relative shoot dry weight (31% to 91%), toxicity symptoms (1.5 to 4.5), and shoot Mn concentration (901 to 2695 mg kg –1 ) were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The screened wheat genotypes varied widely in toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- toxicity symptomse0
- Value
- 1.5 to 4.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using this concentration to screen 60 Australian and 6 wheat genotypes from other sources, a wide variation in relative root dry weight (11% to 95%), relative shoot dry weight (31% to 91%), toxicity symptoms (1.5 to 4.5), and shoot Mn concentration (901 to 2695 mg kg –1 ) were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The screened wheat genotypes varied widely in shoot Mn concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- shoot Mn concentratione0
- Value
- 901 to 2695 mg kg –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using this concentration to screen 60 Australian and 6 wheat genotypes from other sources, a wide variation in relative root dry weight (11% to 95%), relative shoot dry weight (31% to 91%), toxicity symptoms (1.5 to 4.5), and shoot Mn concentration (901 to 2695 mg kg –1 ) were observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Evidence suggests CIMMYT germplasm with LERMO‐ROJO parentage introduced Mn tolerance into Australian wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- CIMMYT germplasme0
- Outcome
- Mn tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Evidence suggests that Mn tolerance has been introduced into Australian wheat through CIMMYT germplasm having “LERMO‐ROJO” within their parentage, preserved either through a co‐tolerance to Mn deficiency or a process of passive selection for Mn tolerance.”
Claim · model-written summary
Westonia and Krichauff were highly tolerant to both Mn toxicity and deficiency.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Cultivars Westonia and Krichauff expressed a high level of tolerance to both Mn toxicity and deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Trident and Janz were intolerant to Mn toxicity despite reputed Mn deficiency tolerance.
- Material
- Trident and Janze0
- Outcome
- intolerant to Mn toxicitye0
- Qualifier
- reputed to be tolerant to Mn deficiencye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“whereas Trident and Janz (reputed to be tolerant to Mn deficiency) were intolerant to Mn toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
ET8 showed joint tolerance to Mn and Al.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The co‐tolerance for Mn and Al in ET8 (an Al‐tolerant near‐isogenic line)”
Claim · model-written summary
BH1146 lacked Mn tolerance despite Al tolerance.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the absence of Mn tolerance in BH1146 (an Al‐tolerant genotype from Brazil)”
The same questions in other papers
manganese atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
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