Abstract
Field experiments were conducted on Orthic Luvisol derived from loamy sand in 1999-2002. The tillage sy- stems applied were: conventional tillage (CT) including pre- plough (10 cm) + harrowing, mouldboard ploughing (25 cm) + harrowing; reduced or conservation tillage (RT) using tillage ag- gregate consisting of a grubber (10 cm) + heavy harrow and string roller; and no-tillage (NT) where the only soil disturbance was from the direct sowing machine. Two straw management systems for the winter rye monoculture were applied on each tillage system: removed straw after harvest and retained straw. The straw was furrowed under CT, shallowly incorporated (7 cm) under RT and remained as chaff under NT. The physical behaviour of the soil was characterised by soil wetness, bulk density and penetration re- sistance. Under RT and NT with greater soil bulk density compared to CT, the water content of the soil was greater shortly after rainfall only; later, the reverse was true due to enhanced evaporation. The lower water content in the soil and the higher bulk density resulted in increased mechanical impedance for root growth. Retaining the straw did not counteract the negative response in the soil's physical conditions. The effects of the soil tillage and straw management systems on the yields of winter rye in monoculture were con- siderably affected by rainfall distribution during the growing sea- sons. In growing seasons with dry periods, the crop yield was more reduced under RT and NT than CT and on 'straw-retained' than 'straw-removed' plots. However, in growing seasons with fa- vourable rainfall distribution, the crop yield was not negatively af- fected by the RT and NT systems.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced and no tillage increased soil bulk density relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter rye
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- RT and NTe0
- Outcome
- soil bulk densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under RT and NT with greater soil bulk density compared to CT”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Under reduced and no tillage soil water content was greater shortly after rainfall than with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- RT and NTe0
- Outcome
- water content of the soile0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- shortly after rainfall onlye0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under RT and NT with greater soil bulk density compared to CT, the water content of the soil was greater shortly after rainfall only”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Later, soil water content under reduced and no tillage was lower due to enhanced evaporation.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- RT and NTe1
- Outcome
- water content of the soile1
- Direction
- reversee0
- Qualifier
- due to enhanced evaporatione0
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“later, the reverse was true due to enhanced evaporation”
e1“Under RT and NT with greater soil bulk density compared to CT, the water content of the soil was greater shortly after rainfall only; later, the reverse was true due to enhanced evaporation”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower soil water content and higher bulk density increased mechanical impedance to root growth.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- mechanical impedance for root growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- lower water content in the soil and the higher bulk densitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower water content in the soil and the higher bulk density resulted in increased mechanical impedance for root growth”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Retained straw did not counteract adverse soil physical conditions.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- Retaining the strawe0
- Outcome
- soil's physical conditionse0
- Direction
- did not counteracte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Retaining the straw did not counteract the negative response in the soil's physical conditions”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall distribution strongly affected tillage and straw management effects on rye yield.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- soil tillage and straw management systemse0
- Outcome
- yields of winter ryee0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of the soil tillage and straw management systems on the yields of winter rye in monoculture were con- siderably affected by rainfall distribution during the growing sea- sons”
Claim · model-written summary
During dry seasons rye yield declined more under reduced and no tillage than conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- RT and NTe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- more reducede0
- Qualifier
- growing seasons with dry periodse0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In growing seasons with dry periods, the crop yield was more reduced under RT and NT than CT”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
During dry seasons retained straw reduced yield more than removed straw.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- 'straw-retained'e0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- more reducede0
- Qualifier
- growing seasons with dry periodse0
- Comparator
- 'straw-removed'e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In growing seasons with dry periods, the crop yield was more reduced under RT and NT than CT and on 'straw-retained' than 'straw-removed' plots”
t0“winter rye”
Claim · model-written summary
With favorable rainfall, reduced and no tillage did not negatively affect crop yield.
- Taxon
- winter ryeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- RT and NT systemse0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- not negatively af- fectede0
- Qualifier
- fa- vourable rainfall distributione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in growing seasons with fa- vourable rainfall distribution, the crop yield was not negatively af- fected by the RT and NT systems”
t0“winter rye”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.