Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficacy of biological control seed treatments with Pseudomonas fluorescens (A506), Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (AAA 99-2), and an unidentified gram-positive bacterium recovered from watermelon seed (WS-1) was evaluated for the management of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of watermelon. In growth chamber and greenhouse experiments, seed treated with AAA 99-2 displayed superior disease suppression, reducing BFB transmission by 96.5%. AAA 99-2, P. fluorescens A506, and Kocide also suppressed the epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli when applied to attached watermelon blossoms 5 h prior to inoculation. Watermelon blossom protection reduced seed infestation by A. avenae subsp. citrulli. From blossoms treated with 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 63% of the resulting seed lots were infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli. In contrast, for blossoms protected with WS-1, Kocide, P. fluorescens A506, and AAA 99-2, the proportion of infested seed lots were 48.3, 21.1, 24.1, and 13.8%, respectively. The effect of blossom treatments on seed lot infestation was statistically significant (P = 0.001) but WS-1 was not significantly different from PBS. These findings suggest that blossom protection with biological control agents could be a feasible option for managing BFB.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with AAA 99-2 reduced BFB transmission by 96.5% in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- seed treated with AAA 99-2e1
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AAA 99-2e1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- BFB transmissione1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Value
- 96.5%e1
- Setting
- growth chamber and greenhouse experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In growth chamber and greenhouse experiments, seed treated with AAA 99-2 displayed superior disease suppression, reducing BFB transmission by 96.5%”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
AAA 99-2 suppressed epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli on attached watermelon blossoms applied 5 h before inoculation
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse2
- Organ / stage
- blossomse2
- Treatment
- AAA 99-2e2
- Interactor
- A. avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- AAA 99-2e2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- epiphytic growthe2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Qualifier
- 5 h prior to inoculatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“AAA 99-2, P. fluorescens A506, and Kocide also suppressed the epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli when applied to attached watermelon blossoms 5 h prior to inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens A506 suppressed epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli on attached watermelon blossoms applied 5 h before inoculation
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse2
- Organ / stage
- blossomse2
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens A506e2
- Interactor
- A. avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullie2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens A506
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- epiphytic growthe2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Qualifier
- 5 h prior to inoculatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“AAA 99-2, P. fluorescens A506, and Kocide also suppressed the epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli when applied to attached watermelon blossoms 5 h prior to inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Kocide suppressed epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli on attached watermelon blossoms applied 5 h before inoculation
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse2
- Organ / stage
- blossomse2
- Treatment
- Kocidee2
- Interactor
- A. avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullie2pathogen
- Outcome
- epiphytic growthe2
- Direction
- suppressede2
- Qualifier
- 5 h prior to inoculatione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“AAA 99-2, P. fluorescens A506, and Kocide also suppressed the epiphytic growth of A. avenae subsp. citrulli when applied to attached watermelon blossoms 5 h prior to inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon blossom protection reduced seed infestation by A. avenae subsp. citrulli
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatuse3
- Treatment
- blossom protectione3
- Interactor
- A. avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullie3pathogen
- Outcome
- seed infestatione3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Watermelon blossom protection reduced seed infestation by A. avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed lots from PBS-treated blossoms were 63% infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS)e4
- Interactor
- A. avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullie4pathogen
- Outcome
- seed lots were infestede4
- Value
- 63%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“From blossoms treated with 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 63% of the resulting seed lots were infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed lots from blossoms protected with WS-1 were 48.3% infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- blossoms protected with WS-1e5
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- WS-1e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- proportion of infested seed lotse5
- Value
- 48.3e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“for blossoms protected with WS-1, Kocide, P. fluorescens A506, and AAA 99-2, the proportion of infested seed lots were 48.3, 21.1, 24.1, and 13.8%, respectively”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed lots from blossoms protected with Kocide were 21.1% infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Kocidee5
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- proportion of infested seed lotse5
- Value
- 21.1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“for blossoms protected with WS-1, Kocide, P. fluorescens A506, and AAA 99-2, the proportion of infested seed lots were 48.3, 21.1, 24.1, and 13.8%, respectively”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed lots from blossoms protected with P. fluorescens A506 were 24.1% infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens A506e5
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens A506Pseudomonas fluorescense5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- proportion of infested seed lotse5
- Value
- 24.1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“for blossoms protected with WS-1, Kocide, P. fluorescens A506, and AAA 99-2, the proportion of infested seed lots were 48.3, 21.1, 24.1, and 13.8%, respectively”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed lots from blossoms protected with AAA 99-2 were 13.8% infested with A. avenae subsp. citrulli
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- AAA 99-2e5
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AAA 99-2e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- proportion of infested seed lotse5
- Value
- 13.8e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“for blossoms protected with WS-1, Kocide, P. fluorescens A506, and AAA 99-2, the proportion of infested seed lots were 48.3, 21.1, 24.1, and 13.8%, respectively”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
WS-1 treated blossoms did not differ significantly from PBS in seed lot infestation
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- WS-1e6
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- seed lot infestatione6
- Direction
- not significantly differente6
- Comparator
- PBSe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The effect of blossom treatments on seed lot infestation was statistically significant (P = 0.001) but WS-1 was not significantly different from PBS”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Blossom treatments had a statistically significant effect on seed lot infestation (P = 0.001)
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- blossom treatmentse6
- Interactor
- Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulliParacidovorax citrullit0pathogen
- Outcome
- seed lot infestatione6
- Value
- P = 0.001e6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The effect of blossom treatments on seed lot infestation was statistically significant (P = 0.001) but WS-1 was not significantly different from PBS”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
Claim · model-written summary
Blossom protection with biological control agents could be a feasible option for managing bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- feasible option for managing BFBe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These findings suggest that blossom protection with biological control agents could be a feasible option for managing BFB”
t0“Watermelon Blossoms and Seed from Infection by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Paracidovorax citrulli · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.