Paper · 1964 · Canadian Journal of Plant Science

INFLUENCE OF TIME OF SEEDING ON ESTABLISHMENT AND PERSISTENCE OF SPECIES, AND YIELD OF FORAGE MIXTURES

J. E. Langille; F. S. Warren

9
claims
14
verbatim quotes
3
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15. For each of the four subsequent seeding dates substantial yield reductions occurred. The loss in yield between the fourth and the eighth seeding date averaged 45, 25, and 15% for the first, second, and third harvest years respectively for a seed mixture including timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsike. Corresponding yield reductions for a mixture of bromegrass, alfalfa, and ladino clover were 75, 25, and 15%. In each case the loss in the third year amounted to.65 tons of dry matter per acre. Legume establishment and contribution were greatly reduced at the later seeding dates as indicated by inclined point quadrat surveys. Timothy performed somewhat better than did bromegrass at the later planting dates and both responded better than legumes to delayed planting. Weed and bare ground amounts were greater with each successive planting date. By the end of the third harvest year species composition differences attributable to planting date were practically eliminated.

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Claims 9

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates between late May and July 15 gave satisfactory results.

Taxon
forage mixturese1
Treatment
at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervalse1
Outcome
Satisfactory resultse1

Verbatim

e1

“Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–150 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For the timothy, alfalfa, red clover and alsike mixture, yield losses between the fourth and eighth seeding dates were 45, 25 and 15% in the first, second and third harvest years.

Taxon
timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsikee2
Treatment
between the fourth and the eighth seeding datee2
Outcome
yielde2
Direction
losse2
Value
45, 25, and 15%e2
Qualifier
first, second, and third harvest years respectivelye2
Comparator
the fourthe2

Verbatim

e2

“The loss in yield between the fourth and the eighth seeding date averaged 45, 25, and 15% for the first, second, and third harvest years respectively for a seed mixture including timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsike”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 237–456 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

For the bromegrass, alfalfa and ladino clover mixture, yield reductions between the fourth and eighth seeding dates were 75, 25 and 15%.

Taxon
bromegrass, alfalfa, and ladino clovere3
Treatment
between the fourth and the eighth seeding datee2
Outcome
yielde3
Direction
reductionse3
Value
75, 25, and 15%e3
Comparator
the fourthe2

Verbatim

e2

“The loss in yield between the fourth and the eighth seeding date averaged 45, 25, and 15% for the first, second, and third harvest years respectively for a seed mixture including timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsike”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 237–456 · show in text ↑
e3

“Corresponding yield reductions for a mixture of bromegrass, alfalfa, and ladino clover were 75, 25, and 15%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 458–565 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield loss in the third harvest year was .65 tons of dry matter per acre in each mixture for later seeding.

Taxon
forage mixturese1
Treatment
between the fourth and the eighth seeding datee2
Outcome
dry mattere4
Direction
losse4
Value
.65 tons of dry matter per acree4
Comparator
the fourthe2

Verbatim

e1

“Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–150 · show in text ↑
e2

“The loss in yield between the fourth and the eighth seeding date averaged 45, 25, and 15% for the first, second, and third harvest years respectively for a seed mixture including timothy, alfalfa, red clover, and alsike”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 237–456 · show in text ↑
e4

“In each case the loss in the third year amounted to.65 tons of dry matter per acre”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 567–649 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Legume establishment and contribution were greatly reduced at later seeding dates.

Taxon
Legumee5
Treatment
the later seeding datese5
Outcome
establishment and contributione5
Direction
greatly reducede5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e5

“Legume establishment and contribution were greatly reduced at the later seeding dates as indicated by inclined point quadrat surveys”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 651–783 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Timothy performed somewhat better than bromegrass at later planting dates.

Taxon
TimothyPhleum pratensee6
Treatment
later planting datese6
Outcome
performede6
Direction
bettere6
Comparator
bromegrasse6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phleum pratense
Phleum pratense · TaxonAnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“Timothy performed somewhat better than did bromegrass at the later planting dates and both responded better than legumes to delayed planting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 785–925 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Timothy and bromegrass responded better than legumes to delayed planting.

Taxon
TimothyPhleum pratensee6
Treatment
delayed plantinge6
Outcome
respondede6
Direction
bettere6
Comparator
legumese6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Phleum pratense
Phleum pratense · TaxonAnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“Timothy performed somewhat better than did bromegrass at the later planting dates and both responded better than legumes to delayed planting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 785–925 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed and bare ground amounts were greater with each successive planting date.

Taxon
forage mixturese1
Treatment
each successive planting datee7
Interactor
Weede7weed
Outcome
Weed and bare ground amountse7
Direction
greatere7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–150 · show in text ↑
e7

“Weed and bare ground amounts were greater with each successive planting date”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 927–1003 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Species composition differences attributable to planting date were practically eliminated by the end of the third harvest year.

Taxon
forage mixturese1
Treatment
planting datee7
Outcome
species composition differencese7
Direction
practically eliminatede7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“Satisfactory results were obtained from seeding forage mixtures at any of four dates at successive 2-week intervals between the end of May and July 15”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–150 · show in text ↑
e7

“By the end of the third harvest year species composition differences attributable to planting date were practically eliminated”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1005–1131 · show in text ↑