Abstract
Lettuce grown in soil is found to contain high concentrations of arsenic (As). This paper investigates the uptake and speciation of As in lettuce as well as the influenceof silicon (Si) on As uptake, since Si may decrease it. Lettuce plants were cultivated in nutrient solution containing arsenite or arsenate with or without silicate. The uptake and distribution of As between roots and shoots, As accumulation in cell walls, As speciation, and toxic effects on growth were analysed. Results indicate that arsenite was more toxic to lettuce than was arsenate. Silicate decreased arsenate toxicity but had little effect on arsenite toxicity. In contrast, Si decreased arsenite uptake more than arsenate uptake. The concentration of arsenate was higher than that of arsenite in the plants independent of the As species added. When arsenate was added, the As concentration in shoots was half of that in the roots and this distribution did not change with Si addition. When arsenite was added, approximately 10% of As was found in the shoots and 90% in the roots; this pattern changed in the presence of Si, and As became evenly distributed in the plant. In both roots and shoots, approximately 40% of the As was found in the cell wall fraction; when arsenite was added, the presence of Si increased this fraction to 47%, but only in the shoots. The extraction efficiency when analysing the As species was lower in shoots than in roots, especially in the presence of arsenite and Si. The opposite was found for As concentration in pellets after extraction. This indicated variation in the binding strength of arsenite and arsenate between roots and shoots and between Si- and non-Si-treated plants.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenite was more toxic to lettuce than arsenate.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- arsenitee0
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- more toxice0
- Comparator
- arsenatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results indicate that arsenite was more toxic to lettuce than was arsenate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate reduced arsenate toxicity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicatee0
- Outcome
- arsenate toxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicate decreased arsenate toxicity but had little effect on arsenite toxicity.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicate had little effect on arsenite toxicity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Silicatee0
- Outcome
- arsenite toxicitye0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicate decreased arsenate toxicity but had little effect on arsenite toxicity.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced arsenite uptake more than arsenate uptake.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- arsenite uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- arsenate uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si decreased arsenite uptake more than arsenate uptake.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant arsenate concentration exceeded arsenite concentration regardless of supplied species.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- concentration of arsenatee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- independent of the As species addede0
- Comparator
- arsenitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of arsenate was higher than that of arsenite in the plants independent of the As species added.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
With arsenate added, shoot As concentration was half the root concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- arsenatee0
- Outcome
- As concentration in shootse0
- Direction
- halfe0
- Value
- halfe0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When arsenate was added, the As concentration in shoots was half of that in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon did not change the shoot-root distribution when arsenate was added.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Si additione0
- Outcome
- distributione0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this distribution did not change with Si addition”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
With arsenite added, about 10% of plant As was in shoots.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- arsenitee0
- Outcome
- As was found in the shootse0
- Value
- 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When arsenite was added, approximately 10% of As was found in the shoots and 90% in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
With arsenite added, about 90% of plant As was in roots.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- arsenitee0
- Outcome
- As was found in the shoots and 90% in the rootse0
- Value
- 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When arsenite was added, approximately 10% of As was found in the shoots and 90% in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon evened plant As distribution when arsenite was supplied.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- As became evenly distributed in the plante0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this pattern changed in the presence of Si, and As became evenly distributed in the plant”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
About 40% of As in both roots and shoots was in cell walls.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Outcome
- As was found in the cell wall fractione0
- Value
- 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both roots and shoots, approximately 40% of the As was found in the cell wall fraction”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Under arsenite exposure, Si increased shoot cell-wall As fraction to 47%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- this fractione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
- Qualifier
- when arsenite was addede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when arsenite was added, the presence of Si increased this fraction to 47%, but only in the shoots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Extraction efficiency for As species was lower in shoots than roots.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- extraction efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extraction efficiency when analysing the As species was lower in shoots than in roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot extraction efficiency was especially low with arsenite and Si.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- extraction efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- presence of arsenite and Sie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extraction efficiency when analysing the As species was lower in shoots than in roots, especially in the presence of arsenite and Si.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Pellet As concentrations showed the opposite shoot-root pattern after extraction.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- As concentration in pellets after extractione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The opposite was found for As concentration in pellets after extraction.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The extraction patterns indicate differing arsenite and arsenate binding strength by organ and Si treatment.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roots and shootse0
- Outcome
- variation in the binding strength of arsenite and arsenatee0
- Comparator
- non-Si-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This indicated variation in the binding strength of arsenite and arsenate between roots and shoots and between Si- and non-Si-treated plants.”
t0“lettuce”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · nutrient: content · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.