Abstract
Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is the most important disease in apple production, reducing yield and quality of fruit. Control of apple scab in commercial orchards currently depends on multiple applications of fungicides. The potential of the antagonistic isolate Cladosporium cladosporioides H39, originating from a sporulating colony of V. inaequalis, to control apple scab development was tested in eight trials during 2 years in orchards in Eperjeske (Hungary), Dabrowice (Poland), and Bavendorf (Germany) planted with different cultivars. Treatments were conducted as calendar sprays or after infection periods. Additional trials in an orchard in Randwijk (The Netherlands) focused on the effect of timing of antagonist application before or after infection periods. The overall results of the field trials consistently showed-for the first time-that stand-alone applications of the antagonist C. cladosporioides H39 can reduce apple scab in leaves and fruit. This was demonstrated in an organic growing system as well as in conventional orchards by spray schedules applied during the primary or the summer season. In both systems, the same control levels could be reached as with common fungicide schedules. Efficacies reached 42 to 98% on leaf scab incidence and 41 to 94% on fruit scab. The antagonist was also effective if applied one or even several days (equivalent to approximately 300 to 2,000 degree h) after infection events in several field trials and a trial conducted in Randwijk with single-spray applications at different intervals before or after infection events. Better understanding of the biology of the antagonist will help to further exploit its use in apple scab control.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cladosporium cladosporioides H39 applications reduced apple scab in leaves and fruit.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- stand-alone applications of the antagonist C. cladosporioides H39e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalist0pathogen - Second interactor
- C. cladosporioides H39
Cladosporium cladosporioidese0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- apple scab in leaves and fruite0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stand-alone applications of the antagonist C. cladosporioides H39 can reduce apple scab in leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
Claim · model-written summary
H39 achieved the same scab control levels as common fungicide schedules in organic and conventional systems.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- C. cladosporioides H39e1
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. cladosporioides H39Cladosporium cladosporioidese1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control levelse0
- Direction
- samee0
- Comparator
- common fungicide schedulese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both systems, the same control levels could be reached as with common fungicide schedules.”
e1“C. cladosporioides H39 can reduce apple scab in leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
Claim · model-written summary
H39 efficacy against leaf scab incidence reached 42 to 98%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. cladosporioides H39Cladosporium cladosporioidese1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf scab incidencee0
- Direction
- Efficacies reachede0
- Value
- 42 to 98%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficacies reached 42 to 98% on leaf scab incidence and 41 to 94% on fruit scab.”
e1“C. cladosporioides H39 can reduce apple scab in leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
Claim · model-written summary
H39 efficacy against fruit scab reached 41 to 94%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. cladosporioides H39Cladosporium cladosporioidese1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fruit scabe0
- Direction
- Efficacies reachede0
- Value
- 41 to 94%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Efficacies reached 42 to 98% on leaf scab incidence and 41 to 94% on fruit scab.”
e1“C. cladosporioides H39 can reduce apple scab in leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
Claim · model-written summary
H39 remained effective when applied one or several days after infection.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- C. cladosporioides H39e1
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. cladosporioides H39Cladosporium cladosporioidese1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- one or even several days (equivalent to approximately 300 to 2,000 degree h) after infection eventse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antagonist was also effective if applied one or even several days (equivalent to approximately 300 to 2,000 degree h) after infection events”
e1“C. cladosporioides H39 can reduce apple scab in leaves and fruit.”
t0“Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)”
The same questions in other papers
Cladosporium cladosporioides · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
biocontrol · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.