Abstract
The exosome complex functions in RNA metabolism and transcriptional gene silencing. Here, we report that mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and thus delay flowering in early-flowering Arabidopsis ecotypes. AtRRP6L mutations affect the expression of known FLC regulatory antisense (AS) RNAs AS I and II, and cause an increase in Histone3 K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at FLC. AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 function redundantly in regulation of FLC and also act independently of the exosome core complex. Moreover, we discovered a novel, long non-coding, non-polyadenylated antisense transcript (ASL, for Antisense Long) originating from the FLC locus in wild type plants. The AtRRP6L proteins function as the main regulators of ASL synthesis, as these mutants show little or no ASL transcript. Unlike ASI/II, ASL associates with H3K27me3 regions of FLC, suggesting that it could function in the maintenance of H3K27 trimethylation during vegetative growth. AtRRP6L mutations also affect H3K27me3 levels and nucleosome density at the FLC locus. Furthermore, AtRRP6L1 physically associates with the ASL transcript and directly interacts with the FLC locus. We propose that AtRRP6L proteins participate in the maintenance of H3K27me3 at FLC via regulating ASL. Furthermore, AtRRP6Ls might participate in multiple FLC silencing pathways by regulating diverse antisense RNAs derived from the FLC locus.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations of AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 de-repress the flowering repressor FLC.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- mutations of two Arabidopsis genese0
- Gene
- AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2e0
- Outcome
- main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)e0
- Direction
- de-repressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutations of AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 delay flowering in early-flowering Arabidopsis ecotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- early-flowering Arabidopsis ecotypese1
- Treatment
- mutations of two Arabidopsis genese0
- Outcome
- floweringe1
- Direction
- delaye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e1“thus delay flowering in early-flowering Arabidopsis ecotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L mutations affect the expression of the FLC regulatory antisense RNAs AS I and II.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- AtRRP6L mutationse2
- Gene
- FLCe2
- Outcome
- expression of known FLC regulatory antisense (AS) RNAs AS I and IIe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“AtRRP6L mutations affect the expression of known FLC regulatory antisense (AS) RNAs AS I and II”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L mutations increase H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at FLC.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- AtRRP6L mutationse2
- Gene
- FLCe3
- Outcome
- Histone3 K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at FLCe3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“AtRRP6L mutations affect the expression of known FLC regulatory antisense (AS) RNAs AS I and II”
e3“cause an increase in Histone3 K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at FLC”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 function redundantly in the regulation of FLC.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2e4
- Outcome
- regulation of FLCe4
- Qualifier
- function redundantlye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e4“AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 function redundantly in regulation of FLC”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 regulate FLC independently of the exosome core complex.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2e4
- Outcome
- regulation of FLCe4
- Qualifier
- act independently of the exosome core complexe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e4“AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 function redundantly in regulation of FLC”
e5“act independently of the exosome core complex”
Claim · model-written summary
A novel long non-coding, non-polyadenylated antisense transcript (ASL) originates from the FLC locus in wild type Arabidopsis plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- wild type plantse6
- Gene
- FLCe6
- Outcome
- novel, long non-coding, non-polyadenylated antisense transcripte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e6“a novel, long non-coding, non-polyadenylated antisense transcript (ASL, for Antisense Long) originating from the FLC locus in wild type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L proteins are the main regulators of ASL synthesis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtRRP6Le2
- Outcome
- ASL synthesise2
- Qualifier
- main regulatorse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“The AtRRP6L proteins function as the main regulators of ASL synthesis, as these mutants show little or no ASL transcript”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L mutants show little or no ASL transcript.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- these mutantse2
- Outcome
- ASL transcripte2
- Direction
- little or noe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“The AtRRP6L proteins function as the main regulators of ASL synthesis, as these mutants show little or no ASL transcript”
Claim · model-written summary
Unlike ASI/II, ASL associates with H3K27me3 regions of FLC.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- ASLe2
- Outcome
- H3K27me3 regions of FLCe2
- Direction
- associatese2
- Comparator
- ASI/IIe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“Unlike ASI/II, ASL associates with H3K27me3 regions of FLC”
Claim · model-written summary
ASL may function in the maintenance of H3K27 trimethylation during vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- ASLe2
- Outcome
- maintenance of H3K27 trimethylatione3
- Qualifier
- during vegetative growthe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“Unlike ASI/II, ASL associates with H3K27me3 regions of FLC”
e3“suggesting that it could function in the maintenance of H3K27 trimethylation during vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L mutations affect H3K27me3 levels and nucleosome density at the FLC locus.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- AtRRP6L mutationse2
- Gene
- FLCe2
- Outcome
- H3K27me3 levels and nucleosome density at the FLC locuse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“AtRRP6L mutations also affect H3K27me3 levels and nucleosome density at the FLC locus”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L1 physically associates with the ASL transcript and directly interacts with the FLC locus.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtRRP6L1e2
- Outcome
- physically associates with the ASL transcript and directly interacts with the FLC locuse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“AtRRP6L1 physically associates with the ASL transcript and directly interacts with the FLC locus”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L proteins may maintain H3K27me3 at FLC via regulating ASL.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtRRP6L proteinse2
- Outcome
- maintenance of H3K27me3 at FLCe2
- Qualifier
- via regulating ASLe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“We propose that AtRRP6L proteins participate in the maintenance of H3K27me3 at FLC via regulating ASL”
Claim · model-written summary
AtRRP6L proteins may participate in multiple FLC silencing pathways by regulating diverse antisense RNAs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtRRP6Lse2
- Outcome
- multiple FLC silencing pathwayse2
- Qualifier
- regulating diverse antisense RNAse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2, cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)”
e2“AtRRP6Ls might participate in multiple FLC silencing pathways by regulating diverse antisense RNAs”