Abstract
Abstract Nitrogen (N) fertilisation is an important component of integrated weed management systems in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). This study was conducted to determine the effects of N and application methods on the weed‐crop competition in ‘Tir’ winter wheat ( T. aestivum var. leucospermum ) in the absence of herbicide. The trial was conducted in a factorial randomised complete block design with 4 replications in 2 years (2005–06 and 2006–07). Three N rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha −1 ) and three application methods ((1) broadcast on the soil surface; (2) banded 10 cm broadcast between every crop row; and (3) banded 10 cm deep between every crop row) were applied. Weed flora composition and density, weed biomass, grain yield, biological yield, plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, and protein ratio in grain and shoot were investigated. The differences between treatments for weed density were not significant in either year. However, application of N up to 120 kg ha −1 increased total weed biomass to 1020 and 2009 kg ha −1 in the 2 respective years, whereas weed biomass of 643 and 862 kg ha −1 was obtained with 0 N ha −1 . Greatest weed biomass was recorded with N applied by broadcast and banded between crop rows, whereas weed biomass was least for N banded 10 cm deep with values of 722 and 1139 kg ha −1 in 2 successive years. Highest grain yields were obtained with 120 kg ha −1 N (1568 and 1190 kg ha −1 ) and for N banded 10 cm deep (1263 and 1132 kg ha −1 ) in the 2 successive years, respectively. Information gained from this study will be used to develop more efficient fertilisation levels and application methods in winter wheat as components of integrated weed management in the absence of herbicide.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen treatments did not significantly differ in weed density in either year.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences between treatments for weed density were not significant in either year.”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen up to 120 kg ha −1 increased total weed biomass to 1020 and 2009 kg ha −1 in successive years relative to 0 N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N up to 120 kg ha −1e0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1020 and 2009 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 643 and 862 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 0 N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of N up to 120 kg ha −1 increased total weed biomass to 1020 and 2009 kg ha −1 in the 2 respective years, whereas weed biomass of 643 and 862 kg ha −1 was obtained with 0 N ha −1 .”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast nitrogen produced the greatest weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N applied by broadcaste0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- Greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greatest weed biomass was recorded with N applied by broadcast and banded between crop rows”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen banded between crop rows produced the greatest weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- banded between crop rowse0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- Greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greatest weed biomass was recorded with N applied by broadcast and banded between crop rows”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen banded 10 cm deep gave the least weed biomass, 722 and 1139 kg ha −1 across two years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N banded 10 cm deepe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 722 and 1139 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed biomass was least for N banded 10 cm deep with values of 722 and 1139 kg ha −1 in 2 successive years.”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest grain yields under nitrogen rate were with 120 kg ha −1 N, at 1568 and 1190 kg ha −1 across two years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 120 kg ha −1 Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1568 and 1190 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain yields were obtained with 120 kg ha −1 N (1568 and 1190 kg ha −1 )”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest grain yields under placement were with nitrogen banded 10 cm deep, at 1263 and 1132 kg ha −1 across two years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N banded 10 cm deepe0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1263 and 1132 kg ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain yields were obtained with 120 kg ha −1 N (1568 and 1190 kg ha −1 ) and for N banded 10 cm deep (1263 and 1132 kg ha −1 ) in the 2 successive years, respectively.”
t0“wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.