Abstract
BACKGROUND: High resistance of brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål to common insecticides is a challenge for control of the pest. An alternative control strategy based on the combined application of fungal and chemical agents has been evaluated. RESULTS: Three gradient spore concentrations of oil-formulated Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Ma456) were sprayed onto third-instar nymphs in five bioassays comprising the low buprofezin rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg mL(-1) respectively. Fungal LC(50) after 1 week at 25 °C and 14:10 h light:dark photoperiod decreased from 386 conidia mm(-2) in the buprofezin-free bioassay to 40 at the highest chemical rate. Buprofezin (LC(50): 1647, 486 and 233 µg mL(-1) on days 2 to 4) had no significant effect on the fungal outgrowths of mycosis-killed cadavers at the low application rates. The fungal infection was found to cause 81% reduction in reproductive potential of BPH adults. In two 40 day field trials, significant planthopper (mainly BPH) control (54-60%) was achieved by biweekly sprays of two fungal candidates (Ma456 and Ma576) at 1.5 × 10(13) conidia ha(-1) and elevated to 80-83% by incorporating 30.8 g buprofezin ha(-1) into the fungal sprays. CONCLUSION: The combined application of the fungal and chemical agents is a promising alternative strategy for BPH control.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal LC50 decreased from 386 to 40 conidia per mm2 as buprofezin rate rose to the highest rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- highest chemical ratee1
- Interactor
- Nilaparvata lugens
Nilaparvata lugense0pest - Outcome
- Fungal LC(50)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 40e1
- Comparator
- buprofezin-free bioassaye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e0“brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål”
e1“Fungal LC(50) after 1 week at 25 °C and 14:10 h light:dark photoperiod decreased from 386 conidia mm(-2) in the buprofezin-free bioassay to 40 at the highest chemical rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Low buprofezin rates had no significant effect on fungal outgrowth from mycosis-killed BPH cadavers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Buprofezine2
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- fungal outgrowths of mycosis-killed cadaverse2
- Direction
- no significant effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e0“brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål”
e2“Buprofezin (LC(50): 1647, 486 and 233 µg mL(-1) on days 2 to 4) had no significant effect on the fungal outgrowths of mycosis-killed cadavers at the low application rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Buprofezin LC50 on BPH was 1647, 486 and 233 µg mL(-1) on days 2 to 4.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- LC(50)e2
- Value
- 1647, 486 and 233 µg mL(-1)e2
- Qualifier
- on days 2 to 4e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e0“brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål”
e2“Buprofezin (LC(50): 1647, 486 and 233 µg mL(-1) on days 2 to 4) had no significant effect on the fungal outgrowths of mycosis-killed cadavers at the low application rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infection reduced reproductive potential of BPH adults by 81%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fungal infectione3
- Interactor
- BPHe3pest
- Outcome
- reproductive potential of BPH adultse3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 81%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e0“brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål”
e3“The fungal infection was found to cause 81% reduction in reproductive potential of BPH adults”
Claim · model-written summary
Biweekly sprays of two fungal candidates gave 54-60% planthopper control in two 40-day field trials.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- biweekly sprays of two fungal candidates (Ma456 and Ma576)e5
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Second interactor
- Ma456e5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- planthopper (mainly BPH) controle5
- Direction
- achievede5
- Value
- 54-60%e5
- Setting
- field trialse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e0“brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål”
e4“In two 40 day field trials, significant planthopper (mainly BPH) control (54-60%) was achieved by biweekly sprays of two fungal candidates (Ma456 and Ma576) at 1.5 × 10(13) conidia ha(-1) and elevated to 80-83% by incorporating 30.8 g buprofezin ha(-1) into the fungal sprays”
e5“significant planthopper (mainly BPH) control (54-60%) was achieved by biweekly sprays of two fungal candidates (Ma456 and Ma576) at 1.5 × 10(13) conidia ha(-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 30.8 g buprofezin per hectare to the fungal sprays raised planthopper control to 80-83%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- incorporating 30.8 g buprofezin ha(-1) into the fungal sprayse4
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- planthopper (mainly BPH) controle4
- Direction
- elevatede4
- Value
- 80-83%e4
- Comparator
- fungal sprayse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e0“brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål”
e4“In two 40 day field trials, significant planthopper (mainly BPH) control (54-60%) was achieved by biweekly sprays of two fungal candidates (Ma456 and Ma576) at 1.5 × 10(13) conidia ha(-1) and elevated to 80-83% by incorporating 30.8 g buprofezin ha(-1) into the fungal sprays”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined fungal and chemical application is a promising strategy for BPH control on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- combined application of the fungal and chemical agentse6
- Interactor
- BPHe6pest
- Outcome
- BPH controle6
- Qualifier
- promising alternative strategye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of alternative rice planthopper control”
e6“The combined application of the fungal and chemical agents is a promising alternative strategy for BPH control”
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See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.