Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat. A strain of Clonostachys rosea, ACM941 (American Type Culture Collection ATCC 74447), was evaluated for antibiosis against G. zeae in vitro and for control of FHB under greenhouse and field conditions in comparison to the registered fungicide Folicur (tebuconazole). Strain ACM941 reduced mycelial growth of the pathogen by 52.6% in dual-culture after 6 days and completely suppressed spore germination for 6 h when cocultured with a macroconidial suspension of G. zeae. Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by more than 99% in a leaf disk assay, 60%–77% on infected corn kernels, and 32%–57% on spikelet debris in the field. These effects were significant (P < 0.05) and not statistically different from those produced by tebuconazole. When strain ACM941 was sprayed onto wheat heads 2 days prior to inoculation with G. zeae, it significantly reduced infected spikelets (IS) by 64% and Fusarium -damaged kernels (FDK) by 65% in greenhouse experiments. Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced the FHB index by 58%, IS by 46%, FDK by 49%, and deoxynivalenol (DON) in kernels by 21%. These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 reduced mycelial growth of G. zeae by 52.6% in dual culture after 6 days.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Strain ACM941e1
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeae
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Second interactor
- C. rosea
Clonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth of the pathogene1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 52.6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e1“Strain ACM941 reduced mycelial growth of the pathogen by 52.6% in dual-culture after 6 days and completely suppressed spore germination for 6 h when cocultured with a macroconidial suspension of G. zeae”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 completely suppressed G. zeae spore germination for 6 h in coculture with a macroconidial suspension.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Strain ACM941e1
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- spore germinatione1
- Direction
- completely suppressede1
- Value
- 6 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e1“Strain ACM941 reduced mycelial growth of the pathogen by 52.6% in dual-culture after 6 days and completely suppressed spore germination for 6 h when cocultured with a macroconidial suspension of G. zeae”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by more than 99% in a leaf disk assay.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Strain ACM941e2
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- perithecial productione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- more than 99%e2
- Setting
- leaf disk assaye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e2“Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by more than 99% in a leaf disk assay, 60%–77% on infected corn kernels, and 32%–57% on spikelet debris in the field”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by 60%–77% on infected corn kernels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- infected corn kernelse2
- Treatment
- Strain ACM941e2
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- perithecial productione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 60%–77%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e2“Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by more than 99% in a leaf disk assay, 60%–77% on infected corn kernels, and 32%–57% on spikelet debris in the field”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by 32%–57% on spikelet debris in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- spikelet debrise2
- Treatment
- Strain ACM941e2
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- perithecial productione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 32%–57%e2
- Setting
- in the fielde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e2“Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by more than 99% in a leaf disk assay, 60%–77% on infected corn kernels, and 32%–57% on spikelet debris in the field”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of strain ACM941 on G. zeae were not statistically different from those of tebuconazole.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Strain ACM941e2
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- These effectse3
- Direction
- not statistically differente3
- Comparator
- tebuconazolee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e2“Strain ACM941 reduced G. zeae perithecial production by more than 99% in a leaf disk assay, 60%–77% on infected corn kernels, and 32%–57% on spikelet debris in the field”
e3“These effects were significant (P < 0.05) and not statistically different from those produced by tebuconazole”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 sprayed on wheat heads before inoculation reduced infected spikelets by 64% in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strain ACM941 was sprayed onto wheat heads 2 days prior to inoculatione4
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- infected spikelets (IS)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 64%e4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e4“When strain ACM941 was sprayed onto wheat heads 2 days prior to inoculation with G. zeae, it significantly reduced infected spikelets (IS) by 64% and Fusarium -damaged kernels (FDK) by 65% in greenhouse experiments”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain ACM941 sprayed on wheat heads before inoculation reduced Fusarium-damaged kernels by 65% in greenhouse experiments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strain ACM941 was sprayed onto wheat heads 2 days prior to inoculatione4
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Fusarium -damaged kernels (FDK)e4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 65%e4
- Setting
- greenhouse experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e4“When strain ACM941 was sprayed onto wheat heads 2 days prior to inoculation with G. zeae, it significantly reduced infected spikelets (IS) by 64% and Fusarium -damaged kernels (FDK) by 65% in greenhouse experiments”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Under simulated epidemic conditions in 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced the FHB index by 58%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strain ACM941e5
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- FHB indexe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 58%e5
- Qualifier
- Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e5“Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced the FHB index by 58%, IS by 46%, FDK by 49%, and deoxynivalenol (DON) in kernels by 21%”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Under simulated epidemic conditions in 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced infected spikelets by 46%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strain ACM941e5
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- ISe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 46%e5
- Qualifier
- Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e5“Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced the FHB index by 58%, IS by 46%, FDK by 49%, and deoxynivalenol (DON) in kernels by 21%”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Under simulated epidemic conditions in 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced Fusarium-damaged kernels by 49%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strain ACM941e5
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- FDKe5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 49%e5
- Qualifier
- Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e5“Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced the FHB index by 58%, IS by 46%, FDK by 49%, and deoxynivalenol (DON) in kernels by 21%”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Under simulated epidemic conditions in 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced deoxynivalenol in kernels by 21%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strain ACM941e5
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- C. roseaClonostachys roseae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- deoxynivalenol (DON) in kernelse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 21%e5
- Qualifier
- Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e5“Under simulated disease epidemic conditions during 2005–2007, strain ACM941 reduced the FHB index by 58%, IS by 46%, FDK by 49%, and deoxynivalenol (DON) in kernels by 21%”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole reduced the FHB index by 97% and was significantly more effective than strain ACM941.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee6
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- FHB indexe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 97%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole reduced infected spikelets by 82%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee6
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- ISe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 82%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole reduced Fusarium-damaged kernels by 73%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee6
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- FDKe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 73%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
Tebuconazole reduced deoxynivalenol in kernels by 62%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee6
- Interactor
- Gibberella zeaeFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- DONe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 62%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that strain ACM941 may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- control measure in an integrated FHB management programe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Gibberella zeae, is a devastating disease of wheat”
e6“These effects were significant but lesser in magnitude than those achieved by tebuconazole, which reduced FHB index by 97%, IS by 82%, FDK by 73%, and DON by 62%. Results from this research suggest that strain ACM941 of C. rosea is a promising biocontrol agent against G. zeae and may be used as a control measure in an integrated FHB management program”
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