Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted during the 2004 early and late seasons at the Agricultural Vocational Training Centre, Otobi, Otukpo in the southern guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria to evaluate the effects of maize planting density (38,000; 44,440 and 53,330 plants/ha) in intercrop with soybean varieties (TGX 1448-2E and Samsoy-2) on the growth, yield and productivity of the maize/soybean intercropping system. The soybean varieties were maintained at the optimum planting density of 266,660/ha in both sole and intercrops while sole maize (TZR-EW) plots were at the recommended planting density of 53,330 plants/ha. Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E but TGX 1448-2E produced significantly (P < 0.01) more pods and higher seed yield in both seasons. Intercropping reduced the number of soybean pods per plant by 46% in the early season and seed yield by 42 and 46% in the early and late seasons, respectively. Increasing maize planting density reduced soybean seed yield by 21 and 23% at maize planting density of 44,440 and 53,330 plants/ha, respectively, compared with intercropping at 38,000 maize plants/ha. Maize plant height and leaf production were not influenced by intercropping nor by maize planting density but in the late season, maize grain yield was highest with 53,330 maize density/TGX 1448-2E but lowest with 38,000 maize density/Samsoy-2 cropping. The productivity of the intercropping system indicated yield advantage of 2-63% as depicted by the LER 0f 1.02-1.63 showing efficient utilization of land resource by growing the crops together and this increased with maize planting density. The total monetary return was higher for the intercrops than the sole crops with the values highest with 53,330 maize density/TGX 1448-2E in both early (N293,171.80) and late (283,069.70) seasons. The implication of this is that farmers in the study area would earn more income growing the crops together. Key words: Maize planting density, soybean, intercropping, land equivalent ratio, monetary return.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced soybean pod number per plant by 46% in the early season.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Intercroppinge1
- Outcome
- number of soybean pods per plante1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 46%e1
- Setting
- early seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Intercropping reduced the number of soybean pods per plant by 46% in the early season”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping reduced soybean seed yield by 42% in the early season and 46% in the late season.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge2
- Outcome
- seed yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 42 and 46%e2
- Setting
- early and late seasonse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Intercropping reduced the number of soybean pods per plant by 46% in the early season and seed yield by 42 and 46% in the early and late seasons, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing maize planting density reduced soybean seed yield by 21% and 23% at 44,440 and 53,330 plants/ha compared with 38,000 maize plants/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- Increasing maize planting densitye3
- Outcome
- seed yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 21 and 23%e3
- Qualifier
- 44,440 and 53,330 plants/ha, respectivelye3
- Comparator
- intercropping at 38,000 maize plants/hae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Increasing maize planting density reduced soybean seed yield by 21 and 23% at maize planting density of 44,440 and 53,330 plants/ha, respectively, compared with intercropping at 38,000 maize plants/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield in the late season was highest with 53,330 maize density combined with TGX 1448-2E.
- Material
- TGX 1448-2Ee4
- Treatment
- 53,330 maize densitye4
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Setting
- late seasone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“in the late season, maize grain yield was highest with 53,330 maize density/TGX 1448-2E but lowest with 38,000 maize density/Samsoy-2 cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield in the late season was lowest with 38,000 maize density combined with Samsoy-2.
- Material
- Samsoy-2e4
- Treatment
- 38,000 maize densitye4
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Setting
- late seasone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“in the late season, maize grain yield was highest with 53,330 maize density/TGX 1448-2E but lowest with 38,000 maize density/Samsoy-2 cropping”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize/soybean intercropping system had a yield advantage of 2-63% (LER 1.02-1.63).
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine max
Zea mayst0 - Outcome
- yield advantagee5
- Value
- 2-63%e5
- Qualifier
- LER 0f 1.02-1.63e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize/soybean intercropping system”
e5“The productivity of the intercropping system indicated yield advantage of 2-63% as depicted by the LER 0f 1.02-1.63”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield advantage of the intercropping system increased with maize planting density.
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- maize planting densitye6
- Outcome
- yield advantagee5
- Direction
- increasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize/soybean intercropping system”
e5“The productivity of the intercropping system indicated yield advantage of 2-63% as depicted by the LER 0f 1.02-1.63”
e6“and this increased with maize planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Total monetary return was higher for the intercrops than for the sole crops.
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Treatment
- intercropse7
- Outcome
- total monetary returne7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- sole cropse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize/soybean intercropping system”
e7“The total monetary return was higher for the intercrops than the sole crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Total monetary return was highest with 53,330 maize density combined with TGX 1448-2E, N293,171.80 in the early season and 283,069.70 in the late season.
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine maxZea mayst0
- Material
- TGX 1448-2Ee2
- Treatment
- 53,330 maize densitye2
- Outcome
- total monetary returne7
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- N293,171.80e2
- Qualifier
- late (283,069.70)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize/soybean intercropping system”
e7“The total monetary return was higher for the intercrops than the sole crops”
e2“with the values highest with 53,330 maize density/TGX 1448-2E in both early (N293,171.80) and late (283,069.70) seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping and maize planting density did not influence maize plant height or leaf production.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Maize plant height and leaf production were not influenced by intercropping nor by maize planting density”
Claim · model-written summary
Samsoy-2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth than TGX 1448-2E.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Material
- Samsoy -2e4
- Outcome
- plants were taller at the various ages of growthe4
- Direction
- tallere4
- Comparator
- TGX 1448-2Ee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E”
Claim · model-written summary
Samsoy-2 soybean plants had more leaves than TGX 1448-2E.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Material
- Samsoy -2e4
- Outcome
- more leavese4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- TGX 1448-2Ee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E”
Claim · model-written summary
Samsoy-2 soybean plants attained 50% flowering earlier than TGX 1448-2E.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Material
- Samsoy -2e4
- Outcome
- 50% floweringe4
- Direction
- earliere4
- Comparator
- TGX 1448-2Ee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E”
Claim · model-written summary
Samsoy-2 soybean plants produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Material
- Samsoy -2e4
- Outcome
- nodulese4
- Direction
- more and heaviere4
- Comparator
- TGX 1448-2Ee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E”
Claim · model-written summary
TGX 1448-2E produced significantly more pods than Samsoy-2 in both seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Material
- TGX 1448-2Ee5
- Outcome
- podse5
- Direction
- moree5
- Qualifier
- P < 0.01e5
- Comparator
- Samsoy -2e4
- Setting
- both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E”
e5“TGX 1448-2E produced significantly (P < 0.01) more pods and higher seed yield in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
TGX 1448-2E produced significantly higher seed yield than Samsoy-2 in both seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe4
- Material
- TGX 1448-2Ee5
- Outcome
- seed yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- P < 0.01e5
- Comparator
- Samsoy -2e4
- Setting
- both seasonse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Samsoy -2 soybean plants were taller at the various ages of growth, had more leaves and attained 50% flowering earlier, produced more and heavier nodules than TGX 1448-2E”
e5“TGX 1448-2E produced significantly (P < 0.01) more pods and higher seed yield in both seasons”
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