Abstract
Although the role of the gynoecium in natural senescence of the carnation flower has long been suggested, it has remained a matter of dispute because petal senescence in the cut carnation flower was not delayed by the removal of gynoecium. In this study, the gynoecium was snapped off by hand, in contrast to previous investigations where removal was achieved by forceps or scissors. The removal of the gynoecium by hand prevented the onset of ethylene production and prolonged the vase life of the flower, demonstrating a decisive role of the gynoecium in controlling natural senescence of the carnation flower. Abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which induced ethylene production and accelerated petal senescence in carnation flowers, did not stimulate ethylene production in the flowers with gynoecia removed (-Gyn flowers). Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the ethylene precursor, induced substantial ethylene production and petal wilting in the flowers with gynoecia left intact, but was less effective at stimulating ethylene production in the -Gyn flowers and negligible petal in-rolling was observed. Exogenous ethylene induced autocatalytic production of the gas and petal wilting in the -Gyn flowers. These results indicated that ethylene generated in the gynoecium triggers the onset of ethylene production in the petals of carnation during natural senescence.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the gynoecium by hand prevented the onset of ethylene production in carnation flowers.
- Taxon
- carnation
Dianthus caryophylluse2 - Treatment
- removal of the gynoecium by hande1
- Outcome
- onset of ethylene productione1
- Direction
- preventede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The removal of the gynoecium by hand prevented the onset of ethylene production”
e2“petal senescence in the cut carnation flower was not delayed by the removal of gynoecium”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the gynoecium by hand prolonged the vase life of carnation flowers.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse2
- Treatment
- removal of the gynoecium by hande3
- Outcome
- vase lifee3
- Direction
- prolongede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“petal senescence in the cut carnation flower was not delayed by the removal of gynoecium”
e3“The removal of the gynoecium by hand prevented the onset of ethylene production and prolonged the vase life of the flower”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid did not stimulate ethylene production in carnation flowers with gynoecia removed.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse4
- Treatment
- Abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e5
- Outcome
- ethylene productione4
- Direction
- did not stimulatee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“which induced ethylene production and accelerated petal senescence in carnation flowers, did not stimulate ethylene production in the flowers with gynoecia removed (-Gyn flowers)”
e5“Abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC induced substantial ethylene production and petal wilting in carnation flowers with gynoecia intact.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse2
- Treatment
- Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)e6
- Outcome
- ethylene productione6
- Direction
- inducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“petal senescence in the cut carnation flower was not delayed by the removal of gynoecium”
e6“Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the ethylene precursor, induced substantial ethylene production and petal wilting in the flowers with gynoecia left intact”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC was less effective at stimulating ethylene production in carnation flowers with gynoecia removed than in intact flowers.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse2
- Treatment
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)e6
- Outcome
- ethylene productione7
- Direction
- less effectivee7
- Comparator
- flowers with gynoecia left intacte6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“petal senescence in the cut carnation flower was not delayed by the removal of gynoecium”
e6“Application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the ethylene precursor, induced substantial ethylene production and petal wilting in the flowers with gynoecia left intact”
e7“but was less effective at stimulating ethylene production in the -Gyn flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethylene induced autocatalytic ethylene production and petal wilting in carnation flowers with gynoecia removed.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse2
- Treatment
- Exogenous ethylenee7
- Outcome
- autocatalytic production of the gas and petal wiltinge7
- Direction
- inducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“petal senescence in the cut carnation flower was not delayed by the removal of gynoecium”
e7“Exogenous ethylene induced autocatalytic production of the gas and petal wilting in the -Gyn flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene generated in the gynoecium is interpreted to trigger the onset of ethylene production in carnation petals during natural senescence.
- Taxon
- carnationDianthus caryophylluse7
- Organ / stage
- gynoeciume7
- Compound
- ethylenee7
- Outcome
- onset of ethylene productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These results indicated that ethylene generated in the gynoecium triggers the onset of ethylene production in the petals of carnation during natural senescence”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · physiology: hormones · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · physiology: hormones · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
ethene · disease · Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.