Paper · 2012 · Plant Disease

First Report of Laurel Oak as a Host for the Pecan Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in Florida

J. A. Brito; H. Han; J. D. Stanley; et al.

10
claims
18
verbatim quotes
3
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Roots of laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.), member of the family Fagaceae, were found to be heavily galled by the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in two separate home gardens between 2010 and 2012, in Alachua Co., FL. Distinct round galls were observed on secondary and tertiary roots. Internally, root-knot nematode females were clearly visible when the roots were thinly sliced and egg masses were seen protruding from the root surfaces. The nematode species identification was performed using morphology of the male stylet, selected characters of the second-stage juveniles (J2), female perineal patterns, and esterase (EST) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) isozyme phenotypes. Morphology of perineal patterns of females, body, stylet, and tail length of the J2 and males all matched those of the original description of M. partityla (2). A swollen deeply grooved rectum was observed in the J2. The male stylet had a blunt tip with a prominent thickening at the junction between the cone and shaft. The stylet knobs of males and females were bipartite, each incised by a deep medium longitudinal groove (2). The isozyme phenotypes (EST = Mp3; Mdh = N1a) were consistent with those previously reported for M. partityla from Florida (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (3) and ribosomal internal transcriber spacer (ITS) DNA (4) of females were amplified to further confirm the nematode species identification. The mtDNA amplification using the C2F3/1108 primer set (3) and the ITS amplification using a recently available M. partityla specific primer set (4) produced fragments of approximately 530 bp and 550 bp, respectively. These were consistent with those already reported for this nematode species. This first report of a plant host for the pecan root-knot nematode outside of the family Juglandaceae indicates that the nematode may have migrated from Quercus species to pecan trees during the period when orchards were being established in Florida. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the pecan root-knot nematode infecting laurel oak. References: (1) J. A. Brito et al. Nematology 10:757, 2008. (2) Kleynhans, K. P. N. Phytophylatica 18:103, 1986. (3) T. O. Powers et al., J. Nematol. 37:226, 2005. (4) R. A. Stamler. M. S. thesis, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 2009.

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Claims 10

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Laurel oak roots were heavily galled by Meloidogyne partityla in two Florida home gardens.

Taxon
laurel oakQuercus imbricariae0
Organ / stage
Rootse0
Interactor
Meloidogyne partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
Outcome
heavily gallede0
Setting
Alachua Co., FL.e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Roots of laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.), member of the family Fagaceae, were found to be heavily galled by the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla, in two separate home gardens between 2010 and 2012, in Alachua Co., FL.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–239 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Round galls occurred on secondary and tertiary roots.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Organ / stage
secondary and tertiary rootse0
Outcome
Distinct round gallse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Distinct round galls were observed on secondary and tertiary roots”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 240–306 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nematode females and egg masses were visible in and on affected roots.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Organ / stage
rootse0
Interactor
root-knot nematodeMeloidogynee0pathogen
Outcome
females were clearly visiblee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Meloidogyne
Meloidogyne · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)Photo by William Wergin and Richard Sayre. Colorized by Stephen Ausmus. U.S. Department of Agriculture · CC BY 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“root-knot nematode females were clearly visible when the roots were thinly sliced and egg masses were seen protruding from the root surfaces”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 320–460 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nematode morphology matched the original M. partityla description.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Interactor
M. partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
Outcome
matched those of the original descriptione0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Morphology of perineal patterns of females, body, stylet, and tail length of the J2 and males all matched those of the original description of M. partityla”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 701–856 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The J2 had a swollen, deeply grooved rectum.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Outcome
swollen deeply grooved rectume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A swollen deeply grooved rectum was observed in the J2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 862–916 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The male stylet had a blunt tip and prominent junction thickening.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Outcome
blunt tip with a prominent thickeninge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The male stylet had a blunt tip with a prominent thickening at the junction between the cone and shaft”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 918–1020 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Male and female stylet knobs were bipartite with a groove.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Outcome
bipartitee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The stylet knobs of males and females were bipartite, each incised by a deep medium longitudinal groove”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1125 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

EST and Mdh isozyme phenotypes agreed with prior M. partityla reports.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Interactor
M. partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
Outcome
isozyme phenotypese0
Setting
Floridae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The isozyme phenotypes (EST = Mp3; Mdh = N1a) were consistent with those previously reported for M. partityla from Florida”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1131–1253 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

mtDNA and ITS amplicons were approximately 530 and 550 bp and matched previous reports.

Taxon
Laurel OakQuercus imbricariat0
Interactor
M. partitylaMeloidogyne partitylae0pathogen
Outcome
produced fragmentse0
Value
approximately 530 bp and 550 bpe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The mtDNA amplification using the C2F3/1108 primer set (3) and the ITS amplification using a recently available M. partityla specific primer set (4) produced fragments of approximately 530 bp and 550 bp, respectively. These were consistent with those already reported for this nematode species.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1427–1721 · show in text ↑
t0

“Laurel Oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 16–26 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The report establishes laurel oak as a host of the pecan root-knot nematode.

Taxon
laurel oakQuercus imbricariae0
Interactor
pecan root-knot nematodee0pathogen
Outcome
infecting laurel oake0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Quercus imbricaria
Quercus imbricaria · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“this is the first report of the pecan root-knot nematode infecting laurel oak”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1991–2068 · show in text ↑