Abstract
SUMMARY Thirty on-farm trials were conducted in northwest Syria over a period of four seasons to examine the main effects and interaction of sowing date, sowing method, Rhizobium inoculation, phosphate application and weed control on chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ). Advancing the sowing date from spring or late winter to early winter resulted in substantial yield increases. The effects of Rhizobium inoculation were small and inconsistent. Chemical weed control significantly increased grain yield compared with the unweeded control treatment in winter-sown crops but was less effective than hand weeding. Phosphate application significantly increased yield in the first three seasons, the overall increase being 10%. Drilling chickpea seed gave an overall 10% increase in yield compared with the broadcast sowing commonly practised by farmers. There is no economic or environmental risk to the farmer in adopting the proposed practices either singly or in combination. However, the greatest gains in yield and net revenue are derived from a combination of early winter sowing, drilling, weeding and, where appropriate, phosphate application.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Early winter sowing substantially increased chickpea yield relative to spring or late winter sowing.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- early wintere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- spring or late wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Advancing the sowing date from spring or late winter to early winter resulted in substantial yield increases”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobium inoculation had small, inconsistent effects on chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium inoculatione0
- Outcome
- effectse0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of Rhizobium inoculation were small and inconsistent”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical weed control significantly increased grain yield against the unweeded control in winter-sown chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Chemical weed controle0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- winter-sown cropse0
- Comparator
- unweeded control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical weed control significantly increased grain yield compared with the unweeded control treatment in winter-sown crops”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical weed control was less effective than hand weeding.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Chemical weed controle1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- hand weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was less effective than hand weeding”
t0“Chickpea”
e1“Chemical weed control significantly increased grain yield compared with the unweeded control treatment in winter-sown crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate application significantly increased chickpea yield by 10% overall in the first three seasons.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Phosphate applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- first three seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphate application significantly increased yield in the first three seasons, the overall increase being 10%”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Drilling chickpea seed increased yield by 10% overall versus broadcast sowing.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Drilling chickpea seede0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- broadcast sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drilling chickpea seed gave an overall 10% increase in yield compared with the broadcast sowing commonly practised by farmers”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed practices singly or combined posed no economic or environmental risk to farmers.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- no economic or environmental riske0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is no economic or environmental risk to the farmer in adopting the proposed practices either singly or in combination”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined early winter sowing, drilling, weeding and appropriate phosphate gave the greatest yield gains.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combination of early winter sowing, drilling, weeding and, where appropriate, phosphate applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greatest gainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greatest gains in yield and net revenue are derived from a combination of early winter sowing, drilling, weeding and, where appropriate, phosphate application”
t0“Chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combined practices gave the greatest net revenue gains.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combination of early winter sowing, drilling, weeding and, where appropriate, phosphate applicatione0
- Outcome
- net revenuee0
- Direction
- greatest gainse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the greatest gains in yield and net revenue are derived from a combination of early winter sowing, drilling, weeding and, where appropriate, phosphate application”
t0“Chickpea”
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