Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of pattern formation in the plant embryo are not well understood. Recent molecular and cellular studies, in conjunction with earlier microsurgical, physiological, and genetic work, are now starting to define the outlines of a model where gradients of the signaling molecule auxin play a central role in embryo patterning. It is relatively clear how these gradients are established and interpreted, but how they are maintained is still unresolved. Here, we have studied the contributions of auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, and transport pathways to the maintenance of embryonic auxin gradients. Auxin homeostasis in the embryo was manipulated by region-specific conditional expression of indoleacetic acid-tryptophan monooxygenase or indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase, bacterial enzymes for auxin biosynthesis or conjugation. Neither manipulation of auxin biosynthesis nor of auxin conjugation interfered with auxin gradients and patterning in the embryo. This result suggests a compensatory mechanism for buffering auxin gradients in the embryo. Chemical and genetic inhibition revealed that auxin transport activity, in particular that of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) and PIN4 proteins, is a major factor in the maintenance of these gradients.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Manipulating auxin biosynthesis did not interfere with embryonic auxin gradients or patterning.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- manipulation of auxin biosynthesise0
- Outcome
- auxin gradients and patterning in the embryoe0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither manipulation of auxin biosynthesis nor of auxin conjugation interfered with auxin gradients and patterning in the embryo”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Manipulating auxin conjugation did not interfere with embryonic auxin gradients or patterning.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- auxin conjugatione0
- Outcome
- auxin gradients and patterning in the embryoe0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither manipulation of auxin biosynthesis nor of auxin conjugation interfered with auxin gradients and patterning in the embryo”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The unchanged gradients suggest a compensatory buffering mechanism.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- buffering auxin gradients in the embryoe0
- Qualifier
- compensatory mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This result suggests a compensatory mechanism for buffering auxin gradients in the embryo”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition showed auxin transport activity is a major factor maintaining embryonic gradients.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1)e0
- Outcome
- maintenance of these gradientse0
- Qualifier
- auxin transport activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical and genetic inhibition revealed that auxin transport activity, in particular that of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) and PIN4 proteins, is a major factor in the maintenance of these gradients”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
PIN4 transport activity was implicated as a major factor maintaining embryonic gradients.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PIN4e0
- Outcome
- maintenance of these gradientse0
- Qualifier
- auxin transport activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical and genetic inhibition revealed that auxin transport activity, in particular that of the PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) and PIN4 proteins, is a major factor in the maintenance of these gradients”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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