Paper · 1995 · Plant Cell & Environment

Shoots, roots and ectomycorrhiza formation of pine seedlings at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

K. INEICHEN; V. WIEMKEN; A. WIEMKEN

8
claims
18
verbatim quotes
97
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

ABSTRACT The effect of elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration on the growth of shoots, roots, mycorrhizas and extraradical mycorrhizal mycelia of pine ( Pinus silvestris L.) was examined. Two and a half‐month‐old seedlings were inoculated axenically with the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tincto‐rius (Pers.) by a method allowing rapid mycorrhiza formation in Petri dishes. The plants were then cultivated for 3 months in growth chambers with daily concentrations of 350 and 600 μmol mol −1 CO 2 during the day. Whereas plants harvested after 1 and 2 months did not differ appreciably between ambient and increased CO 2 concentrations, after 3 months they developed a considerably higher root biomass (%57%) at elevated CO 2 , but did not increase significantly in root length. The mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius , which depended entirely on the plant assimilates in the model system, grew much faster at increased CO 2 : 3 times more mycorrhizal root clusters were formed and the extraradical mycelium produced had twice the biomass at elevated as at ambient CO 2 . No difference in shoot biomass was found between the two treatments after 91 d. However, since the total water consumption of seedlings was similar in the two treatments, the water use efficiency was appreciably higher for the seedlings at increased CO 2 because of the higher below‐ground biomass.

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Claims 8

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pine seedlings showed no appreciable treatment difference at one and two months.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
increased CO 2 concentrationse0
Outcome
plants harvested after 1 and 2 monthse0
Direction
did not differ appreciablye0
Comparator
ambiente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“plants harvested after 1 and 2 months did not differ appreciably between ambient and increased CO 2 concentrations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 521–635 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 increased pine root biomass by 57% after three months.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
elevated CO 2e0
Outcome
root biomasse0
Direction
highere0
Value
%57%e0
Qualifier
after 3 monthse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“after 3 months they developed a considerably higher root biomass (%57%) at elevated CO 2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–725 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 did not significantly increase pine root length.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
elevated CO 2e0
Outcome
root lengthe0
Direction
did not increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“at elevated CO 2 , but did not increase significantly in root length”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 709–777 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 tripled pine mycorrhizal root clusters.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
elevatede0
Interactor
Pisolithus tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont
Outcome
mycorrhizal root clusterse0
Direction
moree0
Value
3 timese0
Comparator
ambient CO 2e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pisolithus tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctorius · InteractorPaul venter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“3 times more mycorrhizal root clusters were formed and the extraradical mycelium produced had twice the biomass at elevated as at ambient CO 2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1075 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
e1

“The mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 779–823 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 doubled extraradical mycelial biomass.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
elevatede0
Interactor
Pisolithus tinctoriusPisolithus tinctoriuse1symbiont
Outcome
extraradical mycelium producede0
Direction
moree0
Value
twicee0
Comparator
ambient CO 2e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Pisolithus tinctorius
Pisolithus tinctorius · InteractorPaul venter · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“3 times more mycorrhizal root clusters were formed and the extraradical mycelium produced had twice the biomass at elevated as at ambient CO 2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 933–1075 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
e1

“The mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 779–823 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot biomass did not differ between CO2 treatments after 91 days.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
two treatmentse0
Outcome
shoot biomasse0
Direction
No differencee0
Qualifier
after 91 de0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“No difference in shoot biomass was found between the two treatments after 91 d”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1078–1156 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seedling total water consumption was similar between treatments.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
two treatmentse0
Outcome
total water consumptione0
Direction
similare0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the total water consumption of seedlings was similar in the two treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1173–1247 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑
Mechanismobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 increased water use efficiency because below-ground biomass increased.

Taxon
pinePinust0
Treatment
increased CO 2e0
Outcome
water use efficiencye0
Direction
highere0
Qualifier
higher below‐ground biomasse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Pinus
Pinus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Service Northern Region from Missoula, MT, USA · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the water use efficiency was appreciably higher for the seedlings at increased CO 2 because of the higher below‐ground biomass”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1249–1375 · show in text ↑
t0

“pine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 46–50 · show in text ↑

co2 · growth · PinusPositive and negative results

11 papers: 7 positive, 4 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.