Abstract
Tolerance of many citrus cultivars to low-dose irradiation treatment is not known. Ten citrus cultivars grown in Florida, including the five orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] cultivars, Ambersweet, Hamlin, Navel, Pineapple, and Valencia, and the five mandarin hybrids ( Citrus reticulata Blanco), `Fallglo', `Minneola', `Murcott', `Sunburst', and `Temple', were exposed to irradiation at 0, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 kGy, and stored for 14 days at 1 °C or 5 °C plus 3 days at 20 °C, to determine dose tolerance based on fruit injury. Softening of `Valencia', `Minneola', `Murcott', and `Temple' was dose-dependent, but that of other cultivars was unaffected. Only `Ambersweet', `Valencia', `Minneola', and `Murcott' did not develop peel pitting at 0.15 kGy or higher. Total soluble solids of `Ambersweet' and `Sunburst' declined slightly with increasing dose. Titratable acidity (TA) of oranges was not affected, but TA of `Sunburst' and `Temple' juice was slightly reduced by irradiation at 0.45 kGy. Juice flavor of `Hamlin', `Navel', `Valencia', and `Minneola', and pulp flavor of `Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallglo', `Minneola', and `Murcott' was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy. The appearance of all cultivars was negatively affected by the loss of glossiness with the 0.45 kGy dose. Less than 1.0% of fruit decayed and irradiation treatment had no effect on decay. Our study indicates that growers and shippers need to be aware that the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Softening of Valencia, Minneola, Murcott and Temple was dose-dependent, while softening of the other cultivars was unaffected.
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Softening of `Valencia', `Minneola', `Murcott', and `Temple' was dose-dependent, but that of other cultivars was unaffected”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Softening of other citrus cultivars was unaffected by irradiation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Softening of `Valencia', `Minneola', `Murcott', and `Temple' was dose-dependent, but that of other cultivars was unaffected”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambersweet, Valencia and Minneola did not develop peel pitting at 0.15 kGy or higher.
- Material
- Ambersweet', `Valencia', `Minneolae1
- Treatment
- 0.15 kGy or highere1
- Outcome
- peel pittinge1
- Direction
- did not develope1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Only `Ambersweet', `Valencia', `Minneola', and `Murcott' did not develop peel pitting at 0.15 kGy or higher”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Murcott did not develop peel pitting at 0.15 kGy or higher.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Only `Ambersweet', `Valencia', `Minneola', and `Murcott' did not develop peel pitting at 0.15 kGy or higher”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble solids of Ambersweet and Sunburst declined slightly with increasing irradiation dose.
- Material
- Ambersweet' and `Sunburste2
- Treatment
- increasing dosee2
- Outcome
- Total soluble solidse2
- Direction
- declined slightlye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Total soluble solids of `Ambersweet' and `Sunburst' declined slightly with increasing dose”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Titratable acidity of oranges was not affected by irradiation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“Titratable acidity (TA) of oranges was not affected, but TA of `Sunburst' and `Temple' juice was slightly reduced by irradiation at 0.45 kGy”
Claim · model-written summary
Titratable acidity of Sunburst and Temple juice was slightly reduced by irradiation at 0.45 kGy.
- Material
- Sunburst' and `Templee3
- Treatment
- irradiation at 0.45 kGye3
- Outcome
- TAe3
- Direction
- slightly reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Titratable acidity (TA) of oranges was not affected, but TA of `Sunburst' and `Temple' juice was slightly reduced by irradiation at 0.45 kGy”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Juice flavor of Hamlin, Navel and Valencia was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy.
- Material
- Hamlin', `Navel', `Valenciae4
- Treatment
- irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGye4
- Outcome
- Juice flavore4
- Direction
- less acceptablee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Juice flavor of `Hamlin', `Navel', `Valencia', and `Minneola', and pulp flavor of `Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallglo', `Minneola', and `Murcott' was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Juice flavor of Minneola was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy.
- Material
- Minneolae4
- Treatment
- irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGye4
- Outcome
- Juice flavore4
- Direction
- less acceptablee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Juice flavor of `Hamlin', `Navel', `Valencia', and `Minneola', and pulp flavor of `Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallglo', `Minneola', and `Murcott' was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp flavor of Hamlin, Valencia and Fallglo was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy.
- Material
- Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallgloe4
- Treatment
- irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGye4
- Outcome
- pulp flavore4
- Direction
- less acceptablee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Juice flavor of `Hamlin', `Navel', `Valencia', and `Minneola', and pulp flavor of `Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallglo', `Minneola', and `Murcott' was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp flavor of Minneola and Murcott was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy.
- Material
- Minneola', and `Murcotte4
- Treatment
- irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGye4
- Outcome
- pulp flavore4
- Direction
- less acceptablee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Juice flavor of `Hamlin', `Navel', `Valencia', and `Minneola', and pulp flavor of `Hamlin', `Valencia', `Fallglo', `Minneola', and `Murcott' was less acceptable after irradiation at 0.3 or 0.45 kGy”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Appearance of all citrus cultivars was negatively affected by loss of glossiness at 0.45 kGy.
- Material
- all cultivarse5
- Treatment
- 0.45 kGy dosee5
- Outcome
- appearancee5
- Direction
- negatively affectede5
- Qualifier
- loss of glossinesse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The appearance of all cultivars was negatively affected by the loss of glossiness with the 0.45 kGy dose”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation had no effect on decay, which was below 1.0% of fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Less than 1.0% of fruit decayed and irradiation treatment had no effect on decay”
e7“the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers and shippers need to be aware that irradiation effects on citrus fruit are highly variable, cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent.
- Outcome
- effects of irradiation on citrus fruitse7
- Qualifier
- highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Our study indicates that growers and shippers need to be aware that the effects of irradiation on citrus fruits are highly variable and both cultivar-dependent and dose-dependent”
The same questions in other papers
radiation · quality: general · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
radiation · quality: sugar starch · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
radiation · disease · CitrusPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.