Abstract
This study was established to determine the effect of seed size on nursery performance, field survival and growth. Results indicated that germination was greater for larger seed whereas the smallest seeds germinated poorly. In addition, seedling survival in the nursery was also lower for Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis but not for E. smithii. Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings. This was attributed to a slower rate of germination within a tray of seedlings produced from Grade 4 seed. The Grade 4 seeds, however, produced seedlings with larger root collar diameters due to a greater amount of empty spaces within a tray (a function of poor germination). Field results indicated good survival irrespective of species or seed grade. At 12 months, only seed orchard source was significant for all response variates for E. grandis, whereas there were no significant inter-treatment differences for E. smithii. This study showed that Eucalyptus seed size effects were transitory, only apparent in the nursery and not perceptible one year after planting in the field. Smaller seeds can therefore be used in a commercial nursery as long as they are sown with similar-sized seeds to allow for management of poor germination and crop uniformity. Seed orchard source proved to be very important in predicting field growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Larger Eucalyptus seeds germinated better; the smallest germinated poorly.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus
.jpg?width=60)
Eucalyptust0 - Material
- larger seede0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“germination was greater for larger seed whereas the smallest seeds germinated poorly”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis had lower nursery survival.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandise0 - Material
- Grade 4e0
- Outcome
- seedling survival in the nurserye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling survival in the nursery was also lower for Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis but not for E. smithii”
Claim · model-written summary
Grade 4 did not lower E. smithii nursery survival.
- Taxon
- E. smithii
Eucalyptus smithiie0 - Material
- Grade 4e0
- Outcome
- seedling survival in the nurserye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling survival in the nursery was also lower for Grade 4 Eucalyptus grandis but not for E. smithii”
Claim · model-written summary
Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Material
- Grade 4 seedse0
- Outcome
- seedlingse0
- Direction
- shorteste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
Slower germination in Grade 4 seed trays was attributed as the reason for short seedlings.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Material
- Grade 4 seede0
- Outcome
- shortest seedlingse1
- Qualifier
- slower rate of germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was attributed to a slower rate of germination within a tray of seedlings produced from Grade 4 seed”
e1“Grade 4 seeds produced the shortest seedlings”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
Grade 4 seeds produced seedlings with larger root collar diameters.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Material
- Grade 4 seedse0
- Outcome
- root collar diameterse0
- Direction
- largere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Grade 4 seeds, however, produced seedlings with larger root collar diameters”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
More empty spaces from poor germination were attributed as the cause of larger root collar diameters.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Outcome
- larger root collar diameterse0
- Qualifier
- greater amount of empty spaces within a traye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“larger root collar diameters due to a greater amount of empty spaces within a tray (a function of poor germination)”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
Field survival was good regardless of species or seed grade.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Outcome
- good survivale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field results indicated good survival irrespective of species or seed grade”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
At 12 months, seed orchard source significantly affected all E. grandis response variates.
- Taxon
- E. grandisEucalyptus grandise0
- Material
- seed orchard sourcee0
- Outcome
- all response variatese0
- Qualifier
- At 12 monthse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 12 months, only seed orchard source was significant for all response variates for E. grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
E. smithii had no significant inter-treatment differences at 12 months.
- Taxon
- E. smithiiEucalyptus smithiie0
- Outcome
- inter-treatment differencese0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant inter-treatment differences for E. smithii”
e1“At 12 months, only seed orchard source was significant for all response variates for E. grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed size effects were transitory and absent one year after field planting.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptuse0
- Outcome
- seed size effectse0
- Qualifier
- not perceptible one year after planting in the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eucalyptus seed size effects were transitory, only apparent in the nursery and not perceptible one year after planting in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller seeds can be used commercially if sown with similar-sized seeds.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Outcome
- used in a commercial nurserye0
- Qualifier
- as long as they are sown with similar-sized seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smaller seeds can therefore be used in a commercial nursery as long as they are sown with similar-sized seeds to allow for management of poor germination and crop uniformity”
t0“Eucalyptus”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed orchard source was important for predicting field growth.
- Taxon
- EucalyptusEucalyptust0
- Material
- Seed orchard sourcee0
- Outcome
- field growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed orchard source proved to be very important in predicting field growth”
t0“Eucalyptus”