Abstract
SUMMARY Seeds of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb., collected from the Bajgah area, Iran, were subjected to chilling and/or scarification and their germination and emergence characteristics and seedling growth were studied in two laboratory experiments. Seeds of Arak 2811 variety of cultivated safflower, C. tinctorius L., harvested from the same area at the same time was used for comparison. In the first experiment, the untreated, scarified, chilled at 0 °C for 1 month, and chilled and scarified wild seed and seed of the variety Arak 2811 were incubated at six different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and their germination percentage and seedling lengths were recorded. In the second experiment, the seeds of the above five treatments were planted in a silty clay loam at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and their emergence and seedling heights were noted. In all cases, the cultivated variety, Arak 2811, had higher germination and emergence percentages and seedling heights than the wild type. Germination of both strains was greatly reduced at the two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C). The optimum temperatures for germination of the wild and the cultivated strains were between 15 and 20 °C. Scarification of the wild seed did not improve the germination or emergence percentages and chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °C reduced the emergence of the wild seed. Temperature of germination, however, seemed to be an important factor affecting germination and seedling growth of wild safflower.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivated variety Arak 2811 had higher germination and emergence percentages and seedling heights than the wild type.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriust0 - Material
- Arak 2811e1
- Organ / stage
- seedlinge1
- Outcome
- germination and emergence percentages and seedling heightse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- wild typee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.”
e1“In all cases, the cultivated variety, Arak 2811, had higher germination and emergence percentages and seedling heights than the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of both strains was greatly reduced at the two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C).
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C)e2
- Outcome
- Germinatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- greatlye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.”
e2“Germination of both strains was greatly reduced at the two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C)”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimum temperatures for germination of the wild and cultivated strains were between 15 and 20 °C.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- wild and the cultivated strainse3
- Outcome
- optimum temperatures for germinatione3
- Value
- between 15 and 20 °Ce3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.”
e3“The optimum temperatures for germination of the wild and the cultivated strains were between 15 and 20 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Scarification of the wild seed did not improve germination or emergence percentages compared with untreated seed.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Scarification of the wild seede4
- Outcome
- germination or emergence percentagese4
- Direction
- did not improvee4
- Comparator
- untreatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.”
e4“Scarification of the wild seed did not improve the germination or emergence percentages”
e5“the untreated, scarified, chilled at 0 °C for 1 month”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °C reduced the emergence of the wild seed compared with untreated seed.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Material
- wild seede6
- Treatment
- chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °Ce6
- Outcome
- emergencee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Comparator
- untreatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.”
e5“the untreated, scarified, chilled at 0 °C for 1 month”
e6“chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °C reduced the emergence of the wild seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature of germination seems to be an important factor affecting germination and seedling growth of wild safflower.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Temperature of germinatione7
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.”
e7“Temperature of germination, however, seemed to be an important factor affecting germination and seedling growth of wild safflower”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →seed treatment · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.