Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to noninvasively monitor the status of individual xylem vessels in the stem of an intact, transpiring grape (Vitis vinifera) plant over a period of approximately 40 h. Proton density-weighted MRI was used to visualize the distribution of mobile water in the stem and individual xylem vessels were scored as either water or gas filled (i.e. embolized). The number of water-filled vessels decreased during the first 24 h of the experiment, indicating that approximately 10 vessels had cavitated during this time. Leaf water potentials decreased from -1.25 to -2.1 MPa during the same period. Watering increased leaf water potentials to -0.25 MPa and prevented any further cavitation. Refilling of xylem vessels occurred as soon as the lights were switched off, with the majority of vessels becoming refilled with water during the first 2 to 3 h in darkness. These measurements demonstrate that MRI can be used to monitor the functional status of individual xylem vessels, providing the first method to study the process of cavitation and embolism repair in intact plants.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The number of water-filled vessels decreased during the first 24 h of the experiment.
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“The number of water-filled vessels decreased during the first 24 h of the experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
approximately 10 vessels had cavitated during this time.
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“approximately 10 vessels had cavitated during this time”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water potentials decreased from -1.25 to -2.1 MPa during the same period.
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“Leaf water potentials decreased from -1.25 to -2.1 MPa during the same period”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering increased leaf water potentials to -0.25 MPa.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“Watering increased leaf water potentials to -0.25 MPa”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering increased leaf water potentials to -0.25 MPa and prevented any further cavitation.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“Watering increased leaf water potentials to -0.25 MPa and prevented any further cavitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Refilling of xylem vessels occurred as soon as the lights were switched off.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“Refilling of xylem vessels occurred as soon as the lights were switched off”
Claim · model-written summary
the majority of vessels becoming refilled with water during the first 2 to 3 h in darkness.
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“the majority of vessels becoming refilled with water during the first 2 to 3 h in darkness”
Claim · model-written summary
MRI monitored functional status of individual xylem vessels in intact grape.
Verbatim
e0“grape (Vitis vinifera) plant”
e1“MRI can be used to monitor the functional status of individual xylem vessels”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · physiology: water · VitisPositive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.